RKE 构建高可用的 Kubernetes 集群
2022-05-27 本文已影响0人
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RKE 概述
Rancher Kubernetes Engine (RKE) 是一个 CNCF 认证的 Kubernetes 发行版，完全在 Docker 容器中运行。它适用于裸机和虚拟化服务器。RKE 解决了安装复杂的问题，这是 Kubernetes 社区的一个常见问题。使用 RKE，Kubernetes 的安装和操作既简单又容易自动化，并且完全独立于您运行的操作系统和平台。只要你能运行受支持的 Docker 版本，你就可以使用 RKE 部署和运行 Kubernetes。
Kubernetes 集群环境介绍
本次使用 CentOS7.9 最小化安装,集群机器规划信息如下表,软件版本信息如下:
- rke: v1.3.11
- kubernetes: v1.23.6
- docker: 20.10.0
| 主机名 | IP 地址 | 机器配置 | 用途 |
|---|---|---|---|
| rke-lb | 192.168.56.101 | 1C1G | Nginx |
| rke-master-1 | 192.168.56.111 | 4C4G | controlplane,etcd,worker |
| rke-master-2 | 192.168.56.112 | 4C4G | controlplane,etcd,worker |
| rke-master-3 | 192.168.56.113 | 4C4G | controlplane,etcd,worker |
| rke-worker-1 | 192.168.56.211 | 4C4G | worker |
| rke-worker-1 | 192.168.56.212 | 4C4G | worker |
机器环境设置
- 主机名解析
~]$ sudo cat /etc/hosts
192.168.56.101 rke-lb rancher-ui.linux.io
192.168.56.111 rke-master-1
192.168.56.112 rke-master-2
192.168.56.113 rke-master-3
192.168.56.211 rke-worker-1
192.168.56.212 rke-worker-2
- 安装基础软件包
{
sudo yum remove -y firewalld python-firewall firewalld-filesystem
sudo yum install -y bash-completion conntrack-tools ipset ipvsadm libseccomp nfs-utils psmisc socat wget vim net-tools ntpdate
}
- 时间同步
{
echo '*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com &> /dev/null' |sudo tee /var/spool/cron//root
}
- 关闭Selinux、Firewalld 已以及 Swap 分区
{
sudo setenforce 0
sudo sed -i 's@SELINUX=enforcing@SELINUX=disabled@' /etc/selinux/config
sudo swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
sudo sed -i '/swap/d' /etc/fstab
sudo systemctl stop firewalld && sudo systemctl disable firewalld
}
- 加载内核模块
{
for i in br_netfilter ip_vs ip_vs_rr ip_vs_wrr ip_vs_sh nf_conntrack;do
sudo modprobe $i
done
sudo modprobe nf_conntrack_ipv4 || echo "NoFound"
sudo echo 'br_netfilter
ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
nf_conntrack_ipv4'|sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/10-k8s-modules.conf
sudo systemctl enable systemd-modules-load --now
}
- 修改/添加内核参数
{
sudo echo 'net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 1
# KERNEL_VER < 4.12
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=1000000
vm.swappiness = 0
vm.max_map_count=655360
fs.file-max=6553600
# PROXY_MODE == "ipvs"
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 10'|sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.d/95-k8s-sysctl.conf
sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/95-k8s-sysctl.conf
}
# 禁用sctp
{
sudo echo '# put sctp into blacklist
install sctp /bin/true'|sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/sctp.conf
}
-
修改 ulimits 参数
{
sudo mkdir -pv /etc/systemd/system.conf.d/
echo '[Manager]
DefaultLimitCORE=infinity
DefaultLimitNOFILE=100000
DefaultLimitNPROC=100000'|sudo tee /etc/systemd/system.conf.d/30-k8s-ulimits.conf
}
安装容器运行时
{
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
sudo yum makecache fast
sudo yum -y install docker-ce-20.10.0
}
{
sudo mkdir /etc/docker && sudo mkdir -pv /data/docker-root
echo '{
"oom-score-adjust": -1000,
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m",
"max-file": "3"
},
"max-concurrent-downloads": 10,
"max-concurrent-uploads": 10,
"bip": "172.20.1.0/16",
"storage-driver": "overlay2",
"storage-opts": [
"overlay2.override_kernel_check=true"
],
"registry-mirrors": ["https://o4uba187.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"data-root": "/data/docker-root",
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}'|sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json
sudo systemctl enable docker --now
}
安装 kubernetes 集群
- 创建普通用户
{
useradd vagrant
echo "vagrant"|passwd --stdin vagrant
echo "vagrant ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers.d/vagrant
}
{
sudo usermod -aG docker vagrant
sudo chown vagrant.vagrant /var/run/docker.sock
}
- 主机互信
sudo yum install -y sshpass
cat ssh-copy.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
IP="192.168.56.111
192.168.56.112
192.168.56.113
192.168.56.211
192.168.56.212"
#ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048 -N '' -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
for node in ${IP};do
sshpass -p vagrant ssh-copy-id ${node} -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no
ssh $node "sudo chown vagrant.vagrant /var/run/docker.sock "
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo -e "\033[46;31m ${node} 秘钥copy成功 \033[0m"
else
echo -e "\033[43;31m ${node} 秘钥copy失败 \033[0m"
fi
done
bash ssh-copy.sh
- 安装 rke
{
sudo wget https://rancher-mirror.rancher.cn/rke/v1.3.11/rke_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/rke
sudo chown vagrant.vagrant /usr/local/bin/rke && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/rke
}
- 初始化集群
]$ rke config
[+] Cluster Level SSH Private Key Path [~/.ssh/id_rsa]:
[+] Number of Hosts [1]: 5
[+] SSH Address of host (1) [none]: 192.168.56.111
[+] SSH Port of host (1) [22]:
[+] SSH Private Key Path of host (192.168.56.111) [none]:
[-] You have entered empty SSH key path, trying fetch from SSH key parameter
[+] SSH Private Key of host (192.168.56.111) [none]:
[-] You have entered empty SSH key, defaulting to cluster level SSH key: ~/.ssh/id_rsa
[+] SSH User of host (192.168.56.111) [ubuntu]: vagrant
[+] Is host (192.168.56.111) a Control Plane host (y/n)? [y]: y
[+] Is host (192.168.56.111) a Worker host (y/n)? [n]: y
[+] Is host (192.168.56.111) an etcd host (y/n)? [n]: y
[+] Override Hostname of host (192.168.56.111) [none]: rke-master-1
[+] Internal IP of host (192.168.56.111) [none]: 192.168.56.111
[+] Docker socket path on host (192.168.56.111) [/var/run/docker.sock]:
[+] SSH Address of host (2) [none]:
...
[+] Docker socket path on host (192.168.56.212) [/var/run/docker.sock]:
[+] Network Plugin Type (flannel, calico, weave, canal, aci) [canal]: canel
[+] Authentication Strategy [x509]:
[+] Authorization Mode (rbac, none) [rbac]:
[+] Kubernetes Docker image [rancher/hyperkube:v1.23.6-rancher1]: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/rancher/hyperkube:v1.23.6-rancher1
[+] Cluster domain [cluster.local]:
[+] Service Cluster IP Range [10.43.0.0/16]:
[+] Enable PodSecurityPolicy [n]:
[+] Cluster Network CIDR [10.42.0.0/16]:
[+] Cluster DNS Service IP [10.43.0.10]:
[+] Add addon manifest URLs or YAML files [no]:
# 完整配置文件
cat cluster.yml
# If you intended to deploy Kubernetes in an air-gapped environment,
# please consult the documentation on how to configure custom RKE images.
nodes:
- address: 192.168.56.111
port: "22"
internal_address: 192.168.56.111
role:
- controlplane
- worker
- etcd
hostname_override: rke-master-1
user: vagrant
docker_socket: /var/run/docker.sock
ssh_key: ""
ssh_key_path: ~/.ssh/id_rsa
ssh_cert: ""
ssh_cert_path: ""
labels: {}
taints: []
- address: 192.168.56.112
port: "22"
internal_address: 192.168.56.112
role:
- controlplane
- worker
- etcd
hostname_override: rke-master-2
user: vagrant
docker_socket: /var/run/docker.sock
ssh_key: ""
ssh_key_path: ~/.ssh/id_rsa
ssh_cert: ""
ssh_cert_path: ""
labels: {}
taints: []
- address: 192.168.56.113
port: "22"
internal_address: 192.168.56.113
role:
- controlplane
- worker
- etcd
hostname_override: rke-master-3
user: vagrant
docker_socket: /var/run/docker.sock
ssh_key: ""
ssh_key_path: ~/.ssh/id_rsa
ssh_cert: ""
ssh_cert_path: ""
labels: {}
taints: []
- address: 192.168.56.211
port: "22"
internal_address: 192.168.56.211
role:
- worker
hostname_override: rke-worker-1
user: vagrant
docker_socket: /var/run/docker.sock
ssh_key: ""
ssh_key_path: ~/.ssh/id_rsa
ssh_cert: ""
ssh_cert_path: ""
labels:
app: ingress
taints: []
- address: 192.168.56.212
port: "22"
internal_address: 192.168.56.212
role:
- worker
hostname_override: rke-worker-2
user: vagrant
docker_socket: /var/run/docker.sock
ssh_key: ""
ssh_key_path: ~/.ssh/id_rsa
ssh_cert: ""
ssh_cert_path: ""
labels:
app: ingress
taints: []
services:
etcd:
image: ""
# 修改空间配额为$((6*1024*1024*1024))，默认2G,最大8G
extra_args:
quota-backend-bytes: "6442450944"
auto-compaction-retention: 240 #(单位小时)
extra_binds: []
extra_env: []
win_extra_args: {}
win_extra_binds: []
win_extra_env: []
external_urls: []
ca_cert: ""
cert: ""
key: ""
path: ""
uid: 0
gid: 0
snapshot: true
retention: 24h
creation: 5m0s
backup_config:
enabled: true # 设置true启用ETCD自动备份，设置false禁用；
interval_hours: 12 # 快照创建间隔时间，不加此参数，默认5分钟；
retention: 6 # etcd备份保留份数
kube-api:
image: ""
extra_args: {}
extra_binds: []
extra_env: []
win_extra_args: {}
win_extra_binds: []
win_extra_env: []
service_cluster_ip_range: 10.43.0.0/16
service_node_port_range: ""
pod_security_policy: false
always_pull_images: false
secrets_encryption_config: null
audit_log: null
admission_configuration: null
event_rate_limit: null
kube-controller:
image: ""
extra_args: {}
extra_binds: []
extra_env: []
win_extra_args: {}
win_extra_binds: []
win_extra_env: []
cluster_cidr: 10.42.0.0/16
service_cluster_ip_range: 10.43.0.0/16
scheduler:
image: ""
extra_args: {}
extra_binds: []
extra_env: []
win_extra_args: {}
win_extra_binds: []
win_extra_env: []
kubelet:
image: ""
extra_args: {}
extra_binds: []
extra_env: []
win_extra_args: {}
win_extra_binds: []
win_extra_env: []
cluster_domain: cluster.local
infra_container_image: ""
cluster_dns_server: 10.43.0.10
fail_swap_on: false
generate_serving_certificate: false
kubeproxy:
image: ""
extra_env: []
extra_args:
# 默认使用iptables进行数据转发，如果要启用ipvs，则此处设置为`ipvs`，一并添加下面的`extra_binds`
proxy-mode: "ipvs"
# 与kubernetes apiserver通信并发数,默认10;
kube-api-burst: 20
# 与kubernetes apiserver通信时使用QPS，默认值5，QPS=并发量/平均响应时间
kube-api-qps: 10
extra_binds: []
win_extra_args: {}
win_extra_binds: []
win_extra_env: []
network:
plugin: canal
# 指定网络接口
options:
canal_iface: eth1
mtu: 0
node_selector: {}
update_strategy: null
tolerations: []
authentication:
strategy: x509
sans: []
webhook: null
addons: ""
addons_include: []
system_images:
etcd: rancher/mirrored-coreos-etcd:v3.5.3
alpine: rancher/rke-tools:v0.1.80
nginx_proxy: rancher/rke-tools:v0.1.80
cert_downloader: rancher/rke-tools:v0.1.80
kubernetes_services_sidecar: rancher/rke-tools:v0.1.80
kubedns: rancher/mirrored-k8s-dns-node-cache:1.21.1
dnsmasq: rancher/mirrored-k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny:1.21.1
kubedns_sidecar: rancher/mirrored-k8s-dns-sidecar:1.21.1
kubedns_autoscaler: rancher/mirrored-cluster-proportional-autoscaler:1.8.5
coredns: rancher/mirrored-coredns-coredns:1.9.0
coredns_autoscaler: rancher/mirrored-cluster-proportional-autoscaler:1.8.5
nodelocal: rancher/mirrored-k8s-dns-node-cache:1.21.1
kubernetes: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/rancher/hyperkube:v1.23.6-rancher1
flannel: rancher/mirrored-coreos-flannel:v0.15.1
flannel_cni: rancher/flannel-cni:v0.3.0-rancher6
calico_node: rancher/mirrored-calico-node:v3.22.0
calico_cni: rancher/mirrored-calico-cni:v3.22.0
calico_controllers: rancher/mirrored-calico-kube-controllers:v3.22.0
calico_ctl: rancher/mirrored-calico-ctl:v3.22.0
calico_flexvol: rancher/mirrored-calico-pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.22.0
canal_node: rancher/mirrored-calico-node:v3.22.0
canal_cni: rancher/mirrored-calico-cni:v3.22.0
canal_controllers: rancher/mirrored-calico-kube-controllers:v3.22.0
canal_flannel: rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.17.0
canal_flexvol: rancher/mirrored-calico-pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.22.0
weave_node: weaveworks/weave-kube:2.8.1
weave_cni: weaveworks/weave-npc:2.8.1
pod_infra_container: rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6
ingress: rancher/nginx-ingress-controller:nginx-1.2.0-rancher1
ingress_backend: rancher/mirrored-nginx-ingress-controller-defaultbackend:1.5-rancher1
ingress_webhook: rancher/mirrored-ingress-nginx-kube-webhook-certgen:v1.1.1
metrics_server: rancher/mirrored-metrics-server:v0.6.1
windows_pod_infra_container: rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6
aci_cni_deploy_container: noiro/cnideploy:5.1.1.0.1ae238a
aci_host_container: noiro/aci-containers-host:5.1.1.0.1ae238a
aci_opflex_container: noiro/opflex:5.1.1.0.1ae238a
aci_mcast_container: noiro/opflex:5.1.1.0.1ae238a
aci_ovs_container: noiro/openvswitch:5.1.1.0.1ae238a
aci_controller_container: noiro/aci-containers-controller:5.1.1.0.1ae238a
aci_gbp_server_container: noiro/gbp-server:5.1.1.0.1ae238a
aci_opflex_server_container: noiro/opflex-server:5.1.1.0.1ae238a
ssh_key_path: ~/.ssh/id_rsa
ssh_cert_path: ""
ssh_agent_auth: false
authorization:
mode: rbac
options: {}
ignore_docker_version: null
enable_cri_dockerd: null
kubernetes_version: ""
private_registries: []
ingress:
provider: nginx
network_mode: hostNetwork
use-forwarded-headers: 'true'
node_selector:
app: ingress
options: {}
node_selector: {}
extra_args: {}
dns_policy: ""
extra_envs: []
extra_volumes: []
extra_volume_mounts: []
update_strategy: null
http_port: 0
https_port: 0
network_mode: ""
tolerations: []
default_backend: null
default_http_backend_priority_class_name: ""
nginx_ingress_controller_priority_class_name: ""
default_ingress_class: null
cluster_name: ""
cloud_provider:
name: ""
prefix_path: ""
win_prefix_path: ""
addon_job_timeout: 0
bastion_host:
address: ""
port: ""
user: ""
ssh_key: ""
ssh_key_path: ""
ssh_cert: ""
ssh_cert_path: ""
ignore_proxy_env_vars: false
monitoring:
provider: ""
options: {}
node_selector: {}
update_strategy: null
replicas: null
tolerations: []
metrics_server_priority_class_name: ""
restore:
restore: false
snapshot_name: ""
rotate_encryption_key: false
dns: null
- 启动集群
rke up --config cluster.yml
- 更新集群
rke up --update-only --config cluster.yml
验证 kubernete 集群
- 安装 kubectl 工具
sudo wget -O /usr/local/bin/kubectl https://rancher-mirror.rancher.cn/kubectl/v1.23.6/linux-amd64-v1.23.6-kubectl
sudo chown vagrant.vagrant /usr/local/bin/kubectl
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/kubectl
- 配置认证文件
mkdir -pv ~/.kube
cp kube_config_cluster.yml ~/.kube/config
- 查看资源详情
kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
rke-master-1 Ready controlplane,etcd,worker 10m v1.23.6
rke-master-2 Ready controlplane,etcd,worker 10m v1.23.6
rke-master-3 Ready controlplane,etcd,worker 10m v1.23.6
rke-worker-1 Ready worker 10m v1.23.6
rke-worker-2 Ready worker 10m v1.23.6
kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
ingress-nginx ingress-nginx-admission-create-82prb 0/1 Completed 0 9m37s
ingress-nginx ingress-nginx-admission-patch-x6zk5 0/1 Completed 3 9m37s
ingress-nginx nginx-ingress-controller-p6z77 1/1 Running 0 9m37s
ingress-nginx nginx-ingress-controller-zpdct 1/1 Running 0 9m37s
kube-system calico-kube-controllers-fc7fcb565-bt6fp 1/1 Running 0 9m56s
kube-system canal-27btn 2/2 Running 0 9m56s
kube-system canal-d6tff 2/2 Running 0 9m57s
kube-system canal-htqtg 2/2 Running 0 9m56s
kube-system canal-tg4wq 2/2 Running 0 9m56s
kube-system canal-zn8gr 2/2 Running 0 9m56s
kube-system coredns-548ff45b67-4d4mv 1/1 Running 0 8m42s
kube-system coredns-548ff45b67-llqkk 1/1 Running 0 9m47s
kube-system coredns-autoscaler-d5944f655-5rrmn 1/1 Running 0 9m47s
kube-system metrics-server-5c4895ffbd-ws8mx 1/1 Running 0 9m42s
kube-system rke-coredns-addon-deploy-job-rvmp5 0/1 Completed 0 9m49s
kube-system rke-ingress-controller-deploy-job-sczs5 0/1 Completed 0 9m39s
kube-system rke-metrics-addon-deploy-job-79mth 0/1 Completed 0 9m44s
kube-system rke-network-plugin-deploy-job-vwjhc 0/1 Completed 0 9m59s
- 部署应用
kubectl create deployment myapp --image=ikubernetes/myapp:v1 --replicas=3
kubectl expose deployment myapp --port=80 --target-port=80 --type=ClusterIP
~]$ kubectl get all -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pod/myapp-9cbc4cf76-6g7gz 1/1 Running 0 2m26s 10.42.0.2 rke-master-3 <none> <none>
pod/myapp-9cbc4cf76-b4vtp 1/1 Running 0 2m26s 10.42.1.3 rke-master-2 <none> <none>
pod/myapp-9cbc4cf76-cp85t 1/1 Running 0 2m26s 10.42.2.3 rke-master-1 <none> <none>
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.43.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 16m <none>
service/myapp ClusterIP 10.43.222.216 <none> 80/TCP 103s app=myapp
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
deployment.apps/myapp 3/3 3 3 2m26s myapp ikubernetes/myapp:v1 app=myapp
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
replicaset.apps/myapp-9cbc4cf76 3 3 3 2m26s myapp ikubernetes/myapp:v1 app=myapp,pod-template-hash=9cbc4cf76
[vagrant@rke-master-1 ~]$ curl 10.42.0.2
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
[vagrant@rke-master-1 ~]$ curl 10.42.1.3
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
[vagrant@rke-master-1 ~]$ curl 10.42.2.3
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
[vagrant@rke-master-1 ~]$ curl 10.43.222.216
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
~]$ kubectl exec -it pod/myapp-9cbc4cf76-6g7gz -- nslookup myapp
nslookup: can't resolve '(null)': Name does not resolve
Name: myapp
Address 1: 10.43.222.216 myapp.default.svc.cluster.local
