MyBatis(二)多表关联

2017-04-10  本文已影响1494人  忧郁的小码仔

前面已经介绍了简单的MyBatis单表操作,这里来用一个简单的工程来演示下多表关联。
工程创建参考MyBatis(一)单表操作

1.新建三张表(用户表author, 文章表article, 评论表comment)

CREATE TABLE author (
  id            INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
  username      VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL  UNIQUE,
  nickname      VARCHAR(255),
  birthday      DATE,
  register_time DATETIME     NOT NULL
 
) default charset=utf8;

CREATE TABLE article (
  id          INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
  title       VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  content     TEXT         NOT NULL,
  author      INT          NOT NULL,
  create_time DATETIME     NOT NULL,
  modify_time DATETIME     NOT NULL,
  FOREIGN KEY (author) REFERENCES author (id)

) default charset=utf8;

CREATE TABLE comment (
  id          INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
  author      INT      NOT NULL,
  article     INT      NOT NULL,
  content     TINYTEXT NOT NULL,
  create_time DATETIME NOT NULL,
  FOREIGN KEY (author) REFERENCES author (id),
  FOREIGN KEY (article) REFERENCES article (id)
) default charset=utf8;

2.新建三个实体类(Author, Article, Comment)--get,set, 构造方法省略

public class Author {
    private int id;
    private String username;
    private String nickname;
    private Date birthday;
    private Timestamp registerTime;
}

public class Article {
    private int id;
    private String title;
    private String content;
    private Author author;
    private List<Comment> comments;
    private Timestamp createTime;
    private Timestamp modifyTime;
}

public class Comment {
    private int id;
    private String content;
    private Author author;
    private Article article;
    private Timestamp createTime;
}

3.先看第一种查询操作,第一章我们的例子中表中的列名和实体类中的属性名是一一对应的,所以,查询结果我们就直接用resultType来映射了,但是当列名和属性名不一致的时候,resultType就不行了,所以才有了resultMap来指定每个列名和哪个属性名对应,如下:

    <select id="selectAuthor" resultMap="authorResult">
        SELECT
        id,
        username,
        nickname,
        birthday,
        register_time
        FROM author
        WHERE id = #{id}
    </select>
    <resultMap id="authorResult" type="Author">
        <id property="id" column="id"/>
        <result property="registerTime" column="register_time"/>
    </resultMap>

上面的例子中:<id>用来映射主键,<result>用来映射一边的属性,如果列名和属性名一样,还可以省略映射关系。比如这里只指定registerTime属性和register_time列名映射。

4. 第二种,多表查询的第一种方式。比如我们要查询某篇文章和对应的作者。先看例子:

<!-- 查询作者 -->
    <select id="selectAuthor" resultMap="authorResult">
        SELECT
        id,
        username,
        nickname,
        birthday,
        register_time
        FROM author
        WHERE id = #{id}
    </select>
    <resultMap id="authorResult" type="Author">
        <id property="id" column="id"/>
        <result property="registerTime" column="register_time"/>
    </resultMap>

<!-- 查询文章 -->
    <select id="selectArticle" resultMap="articleMap">
        SELECT
        id,
        title,
        content,
        author,
        create_time,
        modify_time
        FROM article
        WHERE id = #{id}
    </select>

    <resultMap id="articleMap" type="Article">
        <id property="id" column="id"/>
        <result property="createTime" column="create_time"/>
        <result property="modifyTime" column="modify_time"/>
<!-- 嵌套查询作者 -->
        <association property="author" column="author" select="selectAuthor"/>
    </resultMap>

上面的例子中,第一个select查询只是一个简单的单表查询,第二个select查询中也是一个简单的单表查询(看起来是),但是在resultMap中指定了一个association标签,其中就指定着另一个select查询的ID。MyBatis会在每一条查询记录上再执行一次association指定的查询。以此来达到多表关联查询的目的。但是,很显然,当数据量大的时候,这种方式的效率堪忧,因为每执行一次sql语句,我们还要执行一次association指定的查询。所以一般使用下面的查询方式:

5.第三种查询方式。下面的例子中,我们查询某篇文章对应的作者,以及对应的所有评论。

<select id="selectArticleDetails" resultMap="detailedArticleResultMap">
        select
        A.id as article_id,
        A.title as article_title,
        A.content as article_content,
        A.create_time as article_createTime,
        A.modify_time as article_modifyTime,
        B.id as author_id,
        B.username as author_username,
        B.nickname as author_nickname,
        B.birthday as author_birthday,
        B.register_time as author_registerTime,
        C.id as comment_id,
        C.content as comment_content,
        C.create_time as comment_createTime
        from Article A
        left outer join Author B on B.id = A.author
        left outer join Comment C on A.id = C.article
        where A.id = #{id}
    </select>

    <resultMap id="detailedArticleResultMap" type="Article">
        <id property="id" column="article_id"/>
        <result property="title" column="article_title"/>
        <result property="content" column="article_content"/>
        <result property="createTime" column="article_createTime"/>
        <result property="modifyTime" column="article_modifyTime"/>

<!-- 指定某些实体类属性对应的类型 -->
        <association property="author" javaType="Author">
            <id property="id" column="author_id"/>
            <result property="username" column="author_username"/>
            <result property="nickname" column="author_nickname"/>
            <result property="birthday" column="author_birthday"/>
            <result property="registerTime" column="author_registerTime"/>
        </association>

<!-- 指定集合属性对应的类型 -->
        <collection property="comments" ofType="Comment" columnPrefix="comment_">
            <id property="id" column="id"/>
            <result property="content" column="content"/>
            <result property="createTime" column="createTime"/>
        </collection>
    </resultMap>

单看查询语句来说,这种查询方式和我们平时使用的多表关联查询几乎一模一样,只是在resultMap中需要用association关键字来指定对应的映射,这里association指定的不再是一个select查询的ID,而是resultMap属性。同时用collection关键字指定集合属性对应的类型和resultMap属性。这里columnPrefix用来指定列名的前缀,result中的column就可以直接写成content,而不用写成comment_content了。


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