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Android 一步一步分析CoordinatorLayout.

2016-09-26  本文已影响3862人  亦枫

在MD系列的前几篇文章中,通过基础知识和实战案例配合讲解的形式介绍了CoordinatorLayoutAppBarLayoutToolbarCollapsingToolbarLayout的使用,并实现了几种MD风格下比较炫酷的交互效果。学会怎么用之后,我们再想想,为什么它们之间能够产生这样的交互行为呢?其实就是因为CoordinatorLayout.Behavior的存在,这也是本文所要讲述的内容。至此,Android Material Design系列的学习已进行到第八篇,大家可以点击以下链接查看之前的文章:

关于Behavior


官网对于CoordinatorLayout.Behavior的介绍已经将它的作用说明得很清楚了,就是用来协调CoordinatorLayout的Child Views之间的交互行为:

Interaction behavior plugin for child views of CoordinatorLayout.

A Behavior implements one or more interactions that a user can take on a child view. These interactions may include drags, swipes, flings, or any other gestures.

之前学习CoordinatorLayout的使用案例时,用的都是系统的特定控件,比如design包中的FloatingActionButtonAppBarLayout等,而不是普通的控件,如ImageButton之类的,就是因为design包中的这些特定控件已经被系统默认定义了继承自CoordinatorLayout.Behavior的各种Behavior,比如FloatingActionButton.Behavior
AppBarLayout.Behavior。而像系统的ToolBar控件就没有自己的Behavior,所以只能将其搁置到AppBarLayout容器里才能产生相应的交互效果。

看到这里就能清楚一点了,如果我们想实现控件之间任意的交互效果,完全可以通过自定义Behavior的方式达到。看到这里大家可能会有一个疑惑,就是CoordinatorLayout如何获取Child Views的Behavior的呢,为什么在布局中,有些滑动型控件定义了app:layout_behavior属性而系统类似FloatingActionButton的控件则不需要明确定义该属性呢?看完CoordinatorLayout.Behavior的构造函数就明白了。

        /**
         * Default constructor for instantiating Behaviors.
         */
        public Behavior() {
        }

        /**
         * Default constructor for inflating Behaviors from layout. The Behavior will have
         * the opportunity to parse specially defined layout parameters. These parameters will
         * appear on the child view tag.
         *
         * @param context
         * @param attrs
         */
        public Behavior(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        }

CoordinatorLayout.Behavior有两个构造函数,注意看第二个带参数的构造函数的注释,里面提到,在这个构造函数中,Behavior会解析控件的特殊布局属性,也就是通过parseBehavior方法获取对应的Behavior,从而协调Child Views之间的交互行为,可以在CoordinatorLayout类中查看,具体源码如下:

    static Behavior parseBehavior(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, String name) {
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(name)) {
            return null;
        }

        final String fullName;
        if (name.startsWith(".")) {
            // Relative to the app package. Prepend the app package name.
            fullName = context.getPackageName() + name;
        } else if (name.indexOf('.') >= 0) {
            // Fully qualified package name.
            fullName = name;
        } else {
            // Assume stock behavior in this package (if we have one)
            fullName = !TextUtils.isEmpty(WIDGET_PACKAGE_NAME)
                    ? (WIDGET_PACKAGE_NAME + '.' + name)
                    : name;
        }

        try {
            Map<String, Constructor<Behavior>> constructors = sConstructors.get();
            if (constructors == null) {
                constructors = new HashMap<>();
                sConstructors.set(constructors);
            }
            Constructor<Behavior> c = constructors.get(fullName);
            if (c == null) {
                final Class<Behavior> clazz = (Class<Behavior>) Class.forName(fullName, true,
                        context.getClassLoader());
                c = clazz.getConstructor(CONSTRUCTOR_PARAMS);
                c.setAccessible(true);
                constructors.put(fullName, c);
            }
            return c.newInstance(context, attrs);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Could not inflate Behavior subclass " + fullName, e);
        }
    }

parseBehavior方法告诉我们,给Child Views设置Behavior有两种方式:

  1. app:layout_behavior布局属性
    在布局中设置,值为自定义Behavior类的名字字符串(包含路径),类似在AndroidManifest.xml中定义四大组件的名字一样,有两种写法,包含包名的全路径和以"."开头的省略项目包名的路径。

  2. @CoordinatorLayout.DefaultBehavior类注解
    在需要使用Behavior的控件源码定义中添加该注解,然后通过反射机制获取。这个方式就解决了我们前面产生的疑惑,系统的AppBarLayoutFloatingActionButton都采用了这种方式,所以无需在布局中重复设置。

看到这里,也告诉我们一点,在自定义Behavior时,一定要重写第二个带参数的构造函数,否则这个Behavior是不会起作用的。

根据CoordinatorLayout.Behavior提供的方法,这里将自定义Behavior分为两类来讲解,一种是dependent机制,一种是nested机制,对应着不同的使用场景。

dependent机制


这种机制描述的是两个Child Views之间的绑定依赖关系,设置Behavior属性的Child View跟随依赖对象Dependency View的大小位置改变而发生变化,对应需要实现的方法常见有两个:

        /**
         * Determine whether the supplied child view has another specific sibling view as a
         * layout dependency.
         *
         * <p>This method will be called at least once in response to a layout request. If it
         * returns true for a given child and dependency view pair, the parent CoordinatorLayout
         * will:</p>
         * <ol>
         *     <li>Always lay out this child after the dependent child is laid out, regardless
         *     of child order.</li>
         *     <li>Call {@link #onDependentViewChanged} when the dependency view's layout or
         *     position changes.</li>
         * </ol>
         *
         * @param parent the parent view of the given child
         * @param child the child view to test
         * @param dependency the proposed dependency of child
         * @return true if child's layout depends on the proposed dependency's layout,
         *         false otherwise
         *
         * @see #onDependentViewChanged(CoordinatorLayout, android.view.View, android.view.View)
         */
        public boolean layoutDependsOn(CoordinatorLayout parent, V child, View dependency) {
            return false;
        }

        /**
         * Respond to a change in a child's dependent view
         *
         * <p>This method is called whenever a dependent view changes in size or position outside
         * of the standard layout flow. A Behavior may use this method to appropriately update
         * the child view in response.</p>
         *
         * <p>A view's dependency is determined by
         * {@link #layoutDependsOn(CoordinatorLayout, android.view.View, android.view.View)} or
         * if {@code child} has set another view as it's anchor.</p>
         *
         * <p>Note that if a Behavior changes the layout of a child via this method, it should
         * also be able to reconstruct the correct position in
         * {@link #onLayoutChild(CoordinatorLayout, android.view.View, int) onLayoutChild}.
         * <code>onDependentViewChanged</code> will not be called during normal layout since
         * the layout of each child view will always happen in dependency order.</p>
         *
         * <p>If the Behavior changes the child view's size or position, it should return true.
         * The default implementation returns false.</p>
         *
         * @param parent the parent view of the given child
         * @param child the child view to manipulate
         * @param dependency the dependent view that changed
         * @return true if the Behavior changed the child view's size or position, false otherwise
         */
        public boolean onDependentViewChanged(CoordinatorLayout parent, V child, View dependency) {
            return false;
        }

具体含义在注释中已经很清楚了,layoutDependsOn()方法用于决定是否产生依赖行为,onDependentViewChanged()方法在依赖的控件发生大小或者位置变化时产生回调。dependent机制最常见的案例就是FloatingActionButtonSnackBar的交互行为,效果如下:

Behavior-01

系统的FloatingActionButton已经默认定义了一个Behavior来协调交互,如果不用系统的FAB控件,比如改用GitHub上的一个库futuresimple/android-floating-action-button,再通过自定义一个Behavior,也能很简单的实现与SnackBar的协调效果:

package com.yifeng.mdstudysamples;

import android.content.Context;
import android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout;
import android.support.design.widget.Snackbar;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;

/**
 * Created by yifeng on 16/9/20.
 *
 */
public class DependentFABBehavior extends CoordinatorLayout.Behavior {

    public DependentFABBehavior(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
    }

    /**
     * 判断依赖对象
     * @param parent
     * @param child
     * @param dependency
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public boolean layoutDependsOn(CoordinatorLayout parent, View child, View dependency) {
        return dependency instanceof Snackbar.SnackbarLayout;
    }

    /**
     * 当依赖对象发生变化时,产生回调,自定义改变child view
     * @param parent
     * @param child
     * @param dependency
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public boolean onDependentViewChanged(CoordinatorLayout parent, View child, View dependency) {
        float translationY = Math.min(0, dependency.getTranslationY() - dependency.getHeight());
        child.setTranslationY(translationY);
        return true;
    }
}

很简单的一个自定义Behavior处理,然后再为对应的Child View设置该属性即可。由于这里我们用的是第三方库,采用远程依赖的形式引入的,无法修改源码,所以不方便使用注解的方式为其设置Behavior,所以在布局中为其设置,并且使用了省略包名的方式:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
        android:id="@+id/appbar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar">

        <include
            layout="@layout/include_toolbar"/>

    </android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>

    <com.getbase.floatingactionbutton.FloatingActionButton
        xmlns:fab="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
        android:id="@+id/fab_add"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_margin="@dimen/dp_16"
        android:layout_gravity="bottom|right"
        android:onClick="onClickFab"
        fab:fab_icon="@mipmap/ic_toolbar_add"
        fab:fab_colorNormal="?attr/colorPrimary"
        fab:fab_colorPressed="?attr/colorPrimaryDark"
        app:layout_behavior=".DependentFABBehavior"/>

</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

这样,采用dependent机制自定义Behavior,与使用系统FAB按钮一样,即可与SnackBar控件产生如上图所示的协调交互效果。

比如我们再看一下这样一个效果:

Behavior-03

列表上下滑动式,底部评论区域随着顶部Toolbar的移动而移动,这里我们就可以自定义一个Dependent机制的Behavior,设置给底部视图,让其依赖于包裹ToolbarAppBarLayout控件:

package com.yifeng.mdstudysamples;

import android.content.Context;
import android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout;
import android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;

/**
 * Created by yifeng on 16/9/23.
 *
 */

public class CustomExpandBehavior extends CoordinatorLayout.Behavior {

    public CustomExpandBehavior(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean layoutDependsOn(CoordinatorLayout parent, View child, View dependency) {
        return dependency instanceof AppBarLayout;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onDependentViewChanged(CoordinatorLayout parent, View child, View dependency) {
        int delta = dependency.getTop();
        child.setTranslationY(-delta);
        return true;
    }
}

布局内容如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
        android:id="@+id/appbar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="@dimen/dp_56"
        android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar">

        <include
            layout="@layout/include_toolbar"/>

    </android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>

    <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/rv_content"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"/>

    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="@dimen/dp_56"
        android:layout_gravity="bottom"
        app:layout_behavior=".CustomExpandBehavior"
        android:padding="8dp"
        android:background="@color/blue">

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_send"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="Send"
            android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
            android:background="@color/white"/>

        <EditText
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_toLeftOf="@id/btn_send"
            android:layout_marginRight="4dp"
            android:padding="4dp"
            android:hint="Please input the comment"
            android:background="@color/white"/>

    </RelativeLayout>

</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

注意,这里将自定义的Behavior设置给了底部内容的外层容器RelativeLayout,即可实现上述效果。

Nested机制


Nested机制要求CoordinatorLayout包含了一个实现了NestedScrollingChild接口的滚动视图控件,比如v7包中的RecyclerView,设置Behavior属性的Child View会随着这个控件的滚动而发生变化,涉及到的方法有:

onStartNestedScroll(View child, View target, int nestedScrollAxes)

onNestedPreScroll(View target, int dx, int dy, int[] consumed)

onNestedPreFling(View target, float velocityX, float velocityY)

onNestedScroll(View target, int dxConsumed, int dyConsumed, int dxUnconsumed, int dyUnconsumed)

onNestedFling(View target, float velocityX, float velocityY, boolean consumed)

onStopNestedScroll(View target)

其中,onStartNestedScroll方法返回一个boolean类型的值,只有返回true时才能让自定义的Behavior接受滑动事件。同样的,举例说明一下。

通过查看系统FAB控件的源码可以知道,系统FAB定义的Behavior能够处理两个交互,一个是与SnackBar的位置交互,效果如上面的图示一样,另一个就是与AppBarLayout的展示交互,都是使用的Dependent机制,效果在之前的文章 -- Android CoordinatorLayout 实战案例学习《二》 中可以查看,也就是AppBarLayout 滚动到一定程度时,FAB控件的动画隐藏与展示。下面我们使用Nested机制自定义一个Behavior,实现如下与列表协调交互的效果:

Behavior-02

为了能够使用系统FAB控件提供的隐藏与显示的动画效果,这里直接继承了系统FAB控件的Behavior

package com.yifeng.mdstudysamples;

import android.content.Context;
import android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout;
import android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton;
import android.support.v4.view.ViewCompat;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;

/**
 * Created by yifeng on 16/8/23.
 *
 */
public class NestedFABBehavior extends FloatingActionButton.Behavior {

    public NestedFABBehavior(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onStartNestedScroll(CoordinatorLayout coordinatorLayout, FloatingActionButton child, View directTargetChild, View target, int nestedScrollAxes) {
        return nestedScrollAxes == ViewCompat.SCROLL_AXIS_VERTICAL ||
                super.onStartNestedScroll(coordinatorLayout, child, directTargetChild, target,
                        nestedScrollAxes);
    }

    @Override
    public void onNestedScroll(CoordinatorLayout coordinatorLayout, FloatingActionButton child, View target, int dxConsumed, int dyConsumed, int dxUnconsumed, int dyUnconsumed) {
        super.onNestedScroll(coordinatorLayout, child, target, dxConsumed, dyConsumed, dxUnconsumed, dyUnconsumed);
        if (dyConsumed > 0 && child.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE) {
            //系统FAB控件提供的隐藏动画
            child.hide();
        } else if (dyConsumed < 0 && child.getVisibility() != View.VISIBLE) {
            //系统FAB控件提供的显示动画
            child.show();
        }
    }
}

然后在布局中添加RecyclerView,并为系统FAB控件设置自定义的Behavior,内容如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
        android:id="@+id/appbar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar">

        <include
            layout="@layout/include_toolbar"/>

    </android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>

    <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/rv_content"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>

    <android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
        android:id="@+id/fab_add"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_margin="@dimen/dp_16"
        android:src="@mipmap/ic_toolbar_add"
        app:layout_anchor="@id/rv_content"
        app:layout_anchorGravity="bottom|right"
        app:backgroundTint="@color/fab_ripple"
        app:layout_behavior="com.yifeng.mdstudysamples.NestedFABBehavior"/>

</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

这样,即可实现系统FAB控件与列表滑动控件的交互效果。

@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior


这是一个系统字符串,值为:

android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout$ScrollingViewBehavior

CoordinatorLayout容器中,通常用在AppBarLayout视图下面(不是里面)的内容控件中,比如上面的RecyclerView,如果我们不给它添加这个BehaviorToolbar将覆盖在列表上面,出现重叠部分,如图

behavior-removed

添加之后,RecyclerView将位于Toolbar下面,类似在RelativeLayout中设置了below属性,如图:

beharior-added

示例源码


我在GitHub上建立了一个Repository,用来存放整个Android Material Design系列控件的学习案例,会伴随着文章逐渐更新完善,欢迎大家补充交流,Star地址:

https://github.com/Mike-bel/MDStudySamples

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