【Day 23】中东政治 单词笔记

1. defile

verb

- to make something dirty or no longer pure, especially something that people consider important or holy玷污

e.g. Many victims of burglary feel their homes have been defiled.

noun:

- a narrow way through mountains峡谷

2. perch

verb：

- (of a bird)to land and stay on a branch, etc.栖息在树枝上

e.g.A robin was perching on the fence.

- to sit or to make somebody sit on something, especially on the edge of it坐在边沿

e.g. My father used to perch me on the front of his bike.

- to be placed on the top or the edge of something

e.g. The hotel perched precariously on a steep hillside.

noun:

- a place where a bird rests, especially a branch or bar for this purpose, for example in a bird’s cage栖息地

- a high seat or position高处

e.g. He watched the game from his precarious perch on top of the wall.

3. scanty

adj:

- too little in amount for what is needed不足的

e.g. His theory is based on rather scanty evidence.

- (of clothes)very small and not covering much of your body衣服过少

4. outpost

noun:

- a small military camp away from the main army, used for watching an enemy’s movements, etc. 前哨，警戒部队

- a small town or group of buildings in a lonely part of a country边区村落

e.g. the last outpost of civilization

5. countenance

noun:

- a person’s face or their expression面孔，表情

e.g. a young man of handsome countenance

verb:

- to support something or agree to something happening表示赞同

e.g. The committee refused to countenance his proposals.

6. prophecy

noun：

- a statement that something will happen in the future, especially one made by somebody with religious or magic powers预言

e.g. to fulfill a prophecy(=make it come true)

- the power of being able to say what will happen in the future预言能力

e.g.She was believed to have the gift of prophecy.

7. testimony

noun:

- a thing that shows that something else exists or is true证据

e.g. This increase in exports bears testimony to the successes of industry.

- a formal written or spoken statement saying what you know to be true, usually in court（法庭上的）证词

e.g. Her claim was supported by the testimony of several witnesses.

8. scrap

noun:

- a small piece of something, especially paper, cloth, etc.小片，碎片

e.g. She was just a scrap of a thing(=small and thin).

- a small amount of something无足轻重的(东西)，很少量的

e.g. It won't make a scrap of difference.

- things that are not wanted or cannot be used for their original purpose, but which have some value for the material they are made of废弃物

- a short fight or disagreement吵架

e.g. He was always getting into scraps at school.

verb:

- to cancel or get rid of something that is no longer practical or useful取消，抛弃

e.g. They had been forced to scrap plans for a new school building.

- to fight with somebody打架

e.g. The bigger boys started scrapping.

9. decrepit

adj:

- very old and not in good condition or health衰老的，老朽的

e.g. a decrepit building/vehicle

10. barbarian

noun:

- a member of a people who did not belong to one of the great civilizations(Greek, Roman, Christian)未开化的，野蛮的

e.g. barbarian invasions of the fifth century

- a person who behaves very badly and has no respect for art, education, etc.没教养的人

11. annals

noun

- an official record of events or activities year by year; historical records官方历史记录,编年史

e.g. His deeds went down in the annals of British history.

12. inscription

noun

- words written in the front of a book or cut in stone or metal题词，献词，碑文

e.g. There are no inscriptions or markings to identify the tombs

13. allude

verb

- to refer casually or indirectly; make an allusion (usually followed by to)暗指，间接提到

e.g. He often alluded to his poverty.

14. revolt

noun

- a protest against authority, especially that of a government, often involving violence; the action of protesting against authority造反，抗议

= uprising

e.g. The army quickly crushed the revolt.

verb

- to take violent action against the people in power抗议，反叛

= rebel

- to behave in a way that is the opposite of what somebody expects of you, especially in protest抗议

e.g. Teenagers often revolt against parental discipline.

- revolt somebody to make you feel horror or disgust厌恶

= disgust

e.g. She was revolted by the smell of stale beer and vomit in the room.

15. vanquish

verb

- to defeat somebody completely in a competition, war, etc.征服

= conquer

e.g.The stories are about saints vanquishing dragons and freeing captive maidens.

16. creed

noun

- a set of principles or religious beliefs信条，教义

e.g. discrimination on the basis of race, color or creed

17. reverence

noun

- a feeling of great respect or admiration for somebody/something敬畏，尊敬

e.g. The poem conveys his deep reverence for nature.

18. usurp

verb

- to take somebody’s position and/or power without having the right to do this 篡夺

e.g. The pretender tried to usurp the throne.

- to use without authority or right; employ wrongfully盗用

e.g. The magazine usurped copyrighted material.

19. banish

verb:

- to order somebody to leave a place, especially a country, as a punishment放逐，流放

= exile

e.g. The children were banished from the dining room.

- to make somebody/something go away; to get rid of somebody/something赶走，驱赶

e.g. The sight of food banished all other thoughts from my mind.

20. supremacy

noun:

- a position in which you have more power, authority or status than anyone else至高无上，最高地位

e.g. The company has established total supremacy over its rivals