《机械基础》记忆性内容总结

2020-11-13  本文已影响0人  子映

《机械基础》记忆性内容总结

《机械基础》记忆性内容总结总论联接带传动链传动齿轮传动蜗杆传动轮系螺旋传动连杆传动凸轮传动棘轮、槽轮、不完全齿轮轴滑动轴承滚动轴承联轴器、离合器、制动器弹簧、机架、导轨速度波动回转件的平衡机械发展与创新设计

总论

  1. 机构是由若干个<u style="box-sizing: border-box;">构件</u>（运动的基本单元）以<u style="box-sizing: border-box;">运动副</u>相联接并具有确定运动的组合体。

  2. 虚约束可以<u style="box-sizing: border-box;">增加构件的刚度</u>和<u style="box-sizing: border-box;">使构件受力均衡</u>。

  3. 温度↑，润滑油粘度↓；

    压力↑，润滑油粘度↑；当P<100MPa时可忽略。

  4. 机器：①工作部分；②原动机；③传动装置；④操纵控制部分。

  5. 脉动循环和对称循环

    ①脉动循环：

    脉动循环

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    ②对称循环：

    对称循环

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  6. <u style="box-sizing: border-box;">各结构的特点</u>

结构 特点
螺栓联接 不需加工螺纹孔，结构简单，装拆方便，用于被联接件不太厚并需经常装拆的场合
螺钉联接 用于被联接件太厚不便加工通孔的场合，不能经常装拆，否则因螺纹孔磨损而导致被联接件报废
双头螺柱 用于被联接件之一太厚不便穿孔、且需经常拆卸或结构上受限制不能采用普通螺栓的场合
紧定螺钉 传递不大的力和扭矩
普通平键 结构简单，对中性好，易于加工，不能承受轴向力，用于相配零件要求定心性好和转速较高的静联接
半圆键 定心性好，装配方便，对轴的削弱较大，用于轻载或位于轴端
楔键连接 用于对定心精度要求不高、载荷平稳的低速场合
切向键连接 用于低速、重载、定心精度要求不高的场合
带传动 能缓和冲击，吸收振动，传动较平稳，噪声小，过载时带在带轮上打滑可以防止其他机件损坏，结构简单，能运用于中心距较大的传动。但带传动工作中有弹性滑动，使传动效率降低，不能准确保持主动轴和从动轴的转速比关系；传动的外廓尺寸大；由于需要张紧，使轴上受力较大；带传动可能因摩擦起电、产生火花，不能用于易燃易爆的场所
链传动 啮合传动，平均传动比保持为定值。由于链轮所需张紧力小或无需张紧，作用在轴上的压力也比带传动小，可减小轴和轴承的受力，并减轻轴承的磨损。能实现中心距较大的传动；传动效率约0.95-0.97，高于带传动；传动比一般可达6，低速时甚至可达10。但链传动的瞬时传动比不恒定，传动不够平稳。链传动可在中、低速，重载以及温度较高，多尘等恶劣条件下工作
齿形链 （无声链）传动较平稳，冲击小，噪声较低，主要用于高速或对运动精度要求较高的传动。结构复杂，价格较贵
齿轮传动 工作可靠、传动比准确、传动效率高、寿命长、结构紧凑、适用的速度和功率范围广。要求较高的制造精度和安装精度，制造成本较高，不适用于远距离的两轴间传动
斜齿轮传动 同时啮合的齿轮对数较直齿轮多，重合度比直齿轮大，轮齿误差对传动质量的影响较小，传动平稳性更好，承载能力更大。传动时会产生轴向分力。
蜗杆传动 传动比大，结构紧凑。传动平稳，噪声小。可以实现自锁。传动中摩擦大，发热大，效率低
轮系 可做距离较远的传动，实现变速与换向，可获得大的传动比，可合成或分解运动
滑动螺旋传动 降速传动比大，可获得大的轴向力，能实现自锁，工作平稳无噪声，效率低、磨损快。
连杆传动 连杆传动构件相联处都是面接触，压强较小，磨损也小，因而能用于重载，使用寿命较长；其接触表面是平面或圆柱面，加工简单，可以获得较高的精度；但由于运动副内有间隙，当构件数目较多或精度较低时，运动积累误差较大；如要精确实现任意运动规律，设计比较困难
凸轮传动 结构简单、紧凑，能方便地设计凸轮轮廓以实现从动件预期的运动规律；但凸轮轮廓与从动件之间为点接触或线接触，易磨损，不宜承受重载荷和冲击载荷

联接

  1. 锯齿形螺纹只适用于承受<u style="box-sizing: border-box;">单方向</u>的轴向载荷。
螺纹 锯齿形 矩形 梯形
牙形角 工作边3°，非工作边30° 0° 30°

效率：矩形>锯齿形>梯形。

强度：矩形最弱。

三角螺纹→自锁。

三角形螺纹用于<u style="box-sizing: border-box;">联接</u>，矩形、锯齿形、梯形螺纹用于<u style="box-sizing: border-box;">传动</u>。

  1. 螺纹主要参数

    螺纹主要参数 名称 含义
    d 大径 公称直径
    d1 小径 外螺纹危险界面直径
    d2 中径 假想圆柱，该圆柱母线上螺纹牙形的牙厚和牙间宽相等。d2≈(d+d1)/2
    P 螺距 相邻两牙在中径线上对应两点间的轴向距离
    S 导程/升距 螺纹上任一点沿螺旋线转一周所移动的轴向距离

  2. 螺纹防松

    （1）附加摩擦力防松

    • 弹簧垫圈

    • 两螺母对顶拧紧

    • 尼龙环箍紧螺栓

    （2）直接锁住防松

    • 开口销尾端掰开

    • 止动垫片

    • 串联的金属丝

    • 止推垫圈

    （3）破坏螺纹副关系防松

    • 焊接

    • 点冲

    • 厌氧性粘合剂

  3. 螺纹控制预紧力

    ①凭经验；②测力矩扳手；③定力矩扳手。

  4. 普通螺栓和铰制孔螺栓

    ①普通螺栓：靠螺栓轴向预紧力产生的摩擦力传递横向外载荷，以所联接的板间产生足够大的摩擦力使联接的接合面不滑移为设计条件。

    ②铰制孔螺栓:当联接承受横向载荷使，位于接合面处的螺栓横截面受剪切，螺栓与孔壁的接触面受挤压。

    失效形式：螺栓被剪断，栓干或孔壁被压溃。

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  5. 螺纹连接机械性能等级

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带传动

  1. 带传动带速v=5～25m/s，以v=10～20m/s为佳。

  2. 各个参数的影响：

    • 小带轮直径↑，带的弯曲应力↓，寿命↑，转矩一定时工作圆周力↓，可减少带的根数；小带轮直径过大则外廓尺寸过大。

    • 中心距↓，包角↓，摩擦力↓，能传递的功率↓。

    • 预拉力不足，极限摩擦力↓，传动能力↓；

      预拉力过大，寿命↓，轴和轴承的压力↑。

链传动

  1. 多边形效应：由于链节是刚性的，因而存在多边形效应（即运动不均匀性），这种运动特性使链传动的瞬时传动比变化并引起附加载荷和振动，在选用链传动参数时须加以考虑。链传动的传动比变化与链条绕在链轮上的多边形特征有关。多边形效应受轮齿的节距P影响，链速和传动比的变化使链传动中产生加速度，从而产生附加动载荷，引起冲击振动，故链传动不适合高速传动。

  2. 链的节距越大，小链轮齿数越小，链速波动越大。

    ①节距↑，传递的功率↑，不均匀性、动载荷、噪声↑

    ∴高速重载时使用小节距的多排链。

    ②齿数↑，→因磨损引起节距增长→导致滚子与链轮的接触点向链轮齿顶移动→跳齿、脱链

  3. 中心距过小，则链在小链轮上的包角小，与小链轮啮合的齿数少；

    过大，则松边垂度过大，传动中容易引起链条颤动。

齿轮传动

  1. 齿根圆与基圆的大小比较：

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font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">：</text></g></g><g transform="translate(12488,-1339)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">齿</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">根</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">圆</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">直</text></g><g transform="translate(3166,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">径</text></g><g transform="translate(12013,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">（</text></g><g transform="translate(12804,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">标</text></g><g transform="translate(13596,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">准</text></g><g transform="translate(14388,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">）</text></g></g><g transform="translate(15299,-2783)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">令</text><g transform="translate(7975,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">时</text></g><g transform="translate(8767,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">：</text></g></g><g transform="translate(14856,-6827)"><g transform="translate(944,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">对</text></g><g transform="translate(1736,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">标</text></g><g transform="translate(2527,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">准</text></g><g transform="translate(3319,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">渐</text></g><g transform="translate(4111,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">开</text></g><g transform="translate(4902,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">线</text></g><g transform="translate(5694,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">直</text></g><g transform="translate(6485,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">齿</text></g><g transform="translate(7277,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">外</text></g><g transform="translate(8069,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">齿</text></g><g transform="translate(8860,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">轮</text></g><g transform="translate(9652,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">，</text></g></g><g transform="translate(13855,-8049)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">当</text><g transform="translate(5126,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">时</text></g><g transform="translate(6362,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">基</text></g><g transform="translate(7153,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">圆</text></g><g transform="translate(9279,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">齿</text></g><g transform="translate(10070,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">根</text></g><g transform="translate(10862,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">圆</text></g><g transform="translate(11653,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">；</text></g></g><g transform="translate(14251,-9372)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">当</text><g transform="translate(5570,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">齿</text></g><g transform="translate(6362,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">根</text></g><g transform="translate(7153,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">圆</text></g><g transform="translate(9279,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">基</text></g><g transform="translate(10070,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">圆</text></g><g transform="translate(10862,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">；</text></g></g><g transform="translate(13682,-10696)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">当</text><g transform="translate(5126,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">时</text></g><g transform="translate(5917,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">，</text></g><g transform="translate(6709,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">基</text></g><g transform="translate(7500,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">圆</text></g><g transform="translate(9626,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">齿</text></g><g transform="translate(10417,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">根</text></g><g transform="translate(11209,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">圆</text></g><g transform="translate(12000,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">。</text></g></g></g></svg>

  1. 齿形与斜齿圆柱齿轮法面齿形最接近的直齿圆柱齿轮称为斜齿圆柱齿轮的当量齿轮，它的齿数称为当量齿数。

    <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="42.1ex" height="5.729ex" viewBox="0 -1459.5 18126.2 2466.7" role="img" focusable="false" style="vertical-align: -2.339ex;" class="in-text-selection"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">当</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">量</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">齿</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">数</text></g><g transform="translate(3166,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">：</text></g><g transform="translate(11431,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">螺</text></g><g transform="translate(12222,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">旋</text></g><g transform="translate(13014,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">角</text></g><g transform="translate(13805,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">；</text></g><g transform="translate(16154,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">齿</text></g><g transform="translate(16945,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">数</text></g></g></svg>

  2. 一对斜齿轮传动的正确啮合条件：

    <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="89.767ex" height="16.935ex" viewBox="0 -755.9 38649.3 7291.6" role="img" focusable="false" style="vertical-align: -15.18ex; max-width: 76900px;" class="in-text-selection"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)"><g transform="translate(13430,0)"><g transform="translate(7038,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">法</text></g><g transform="translate(7830,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">面</text></g><g transform="translate(8621,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">模</text></g><g transform="translate(9413,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">数</text></g><g transform="translate(10205,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">相</text></g><g transform="translate(10996,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">等</text></g></g><g transform="translate(13272,-1287)"><g transform="translate(6562,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">法</text></g><g transform="translate(7354,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">面</text></g><g transform="translate(8145,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">压</text></g><g transform="translate(8937,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">力</text></g><g transform="translate(9729,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">角</text></g><g transform="translate(10520,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">相</text></g><g transform="translate(11312,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">等</text></g></g><g transform="translate(11798,-2580)"><g transform="translate(6344,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">负</text></g><g transform="translate(7135,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">号</text></g><g transform="translate(7927,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">外</text></g><g transform="translate(8718,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">啮</text></g><g transform="translate(9510,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">合</text></g><g transform="translate(10302,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">，</text></g><g transform="translate(11093,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">正</text></g><g transform="translate(11885,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">号</text></g><g transform="translate(12676,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">内</text></g><g transform="translate(13468,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">啮</text></g><g transform="translate(14260,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">合</text></g></g><g transform="translate(13497,-3910)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">外</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">啮</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">合</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">螺</text></g><g transform="translate(3166,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">旋</text></g><g transform="translate(3957,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">角</text></g><g transform="translate(5322,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">大</text></g><g transform="translate(6114,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">小</text></g><g transform="translate(6905,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">相</text></g><g transform="translate(7697,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">等</text></g><g transform="translate(8488,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">方</text></g><g transform="translate(9280,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">向</text></g><g transform="translate(10071,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">相</text></g><g transform="translate(10863,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">反</text></g></g><g transform="translate(13497,-5239)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">内</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">啮</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">合</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">螺</text></g><g transform="translate(3166,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">旋</text></g><g transform="translate(3957,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">角</text></g><g transform="translate(5322,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">大</text></g><g transform="translate(6114,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">小</text></g><g transform="translate(6905,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">相</text></g><g transform="translate(7697,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">等</text></g><g transform="translate(8488,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">方</text></g><g transform="translate(9280,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">向</text></g><g transform="translate(10071,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">相</text></g><g transform="translate(10863,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">同</text></g></g></g></svg>

  3. 渐开线标准直齿圆柱齿轮的正确啮合条件：

    <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="89.767ex" height="20.321ex" viewBox="0 -755.9 38649.3 8749.1" role="img" focusable="false" style="vertical-align: -18.565ex; max-width: 76900px;" class="in-text-selection"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)"><g transform="translate(14488,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">基</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">圆</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">齿</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">距</text></g><g transform="translate(3166,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">相</text></g><g transform="translate(3957,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">等</text></g><g transform="translate(4749,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">：</text></g></g><g transform="translate(11854,-6561)"><g transform="translate(1822,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">与</text></g><g transform="translate(3254,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">均</text></g><g transform="translate(4045,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">已</text></g><g transform="translate(4837,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">标</text></g><g transform="translate(5629,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">准</text></g><g transform="translate(6420,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">化</text></g><g transform="translate(12566,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">即</text></g><g transform="translate(13357,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">为</text></g><g transform="translate(14149,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">：</text></g></g></g></svg>

蜗杆传动

<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="93.268ex" height="14.367ex" viewBox="0 -1459.5 40157.1 6185.9" role="img" focusable="false" style="vertical-align: -10.977ex; max-width: 79900px;" class="in-text-selection"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)"><g transform="translate(15581,-2627)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">蜗</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">杆</text></g></g><g transform="translate(12397,-4453)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">蜗</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">杆</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">直</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">径</text></g><g transform="translate(3166,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">系</text></g><g transform="translate(3957,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">数</text></g><g transform="translate(7654,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">分</text></g><g transform="translate(8445,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">度</text></g><g transform="translate(9237,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">圆</text></g><g transform="translate(10028,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">上</text></g><g transform="translate(10820,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">的</text></g><g transform="translate(11612,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">螺</text></g><g transform="translate(12403,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">旋</text></g><g transform="translate(13195,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">升</text></g><g transform="translate(13986,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">角</text></g></g></g></svg>

轮系

螺旋传动

连杆传动

凸轮传动

棘轮、槽轮、不完全齿轮

  1. <u style="box-sizing: border-box;">棘轮</u>：结构比较简单，比较灵活。有较大的冲击和噪音，传动精度低，适用低速轻载。每完成一次间歇运动转过的角度可以在较大范围内改变。

    为使棘爪受力最小，应使棘轮齿顶与棘爪摆动中心的连线垂直于棘轮半径。

  2. <u style="box-sizing: border-box;">槽轮</u>：结构简单，传动效率高，比棘轮运转平稳、冲击小。间歇转动角一经设计制成就不能再改变。

    若欲使各次停歇时间不相等→圆销对圆周分布不均匀；

    若欲使各次运动时间不相等→圆销的回转半径不等。

  3. 槽轮机构运动系数:

    image

    <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="89.767ex" height="40.982ex" viewBox="0 -1811.3 38649.3 17645" role="img" focusable="false" style="vertical-align: -36.775ex; max-width: 76900px;" class="in-text-selection"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)"><g transform="translate(12140,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">运</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">动</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">系</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">数</text></g></g><g 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transform="translate(15078,-15002)"><g transform="translate(5128,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">圆</text></g><g transform="translate(5919,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">销</text></g><g transform="translate(6711,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">数</text></g></g></g></svg>

轴

  1. 心轴→弯矩

    传动轴→转矩

    转轴→弯矩＋转矩

  2. 提高轴刚度的方法：

    • 将实心轴换成空心轴；

    • 适当安排支撑数量和位置；

    • 尽量减少悬臂梁；

    • 合理布置轴上零件位置改善受力情况。

滑动轴承

  1. 滑动轴承承载量计算：

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transform="translate(16955,-3382)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">润</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">滑</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">油</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">粘</text></g><g transform="translate(3166,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">度</text></g></g><g transform="translate(16568,-4727)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">轴</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">颈</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">圆</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">周</text></g><g transform="translate(3166,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">速</text></g><g transform="translate(3957,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">度</text></g></g><g transform="translate(17223,-6050)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">轴</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">承</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">宽</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">度</text></g></g><g transform="translate(16530,-7372)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">承</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">载</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">量</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">系</text></g><g transform="translate(3166,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">数</text></g></g><g transform="translate(16013,-9389)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">相</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">对</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">间</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">隙</text></g></g><g transform="translate(15232,-11232)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">直</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">径</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">间</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">隙</text></g></g><g transform="translate(15225,-12555)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">轴</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">承</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">孔</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">直</text></g><g transform="translate(3166,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">径</text></g><g transform="translate(4785,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">，</text></g><g transform="translate(5577,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">半</text></g><g transform="translate(6369,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">径</text></g></g><g transform="translate(15928,-13877)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">轴</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">颈</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">直</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">径</text></g><g transform="translate(3689,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">，</text></g><g transform="translate(4480,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">半</text></g><g transform="translate(5272,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">径</text></g></g><g transform="translate(13001,-15894)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">最</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">小</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">油</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">膜</text></g><g transform="translate(3166,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">厚</text></g><g transform="translate(3957,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">度</text></g></g><g transform="translate(15622,-18130)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">偏</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">心</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">率</text></g></g><g transform="translate(16488,-20027)"><g transform="translate(2407,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">时</text></g><g transform="translate(3198,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">，</text></g></g><g transform="translate(16158,-22021)"><g transform="translate(2341,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">时</text></g><g transform="translate(3132,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">，</text></g></g><g transform="translate(15963,-24507)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">即</text></g><g transform="translate(16654,-26990)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">油</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">压</text></g></g></g></svg>

滚动轴承

深沟球轴承 调心球轴承 圆柱滚子 调心滚子 滚针 角接触球轴承 圆锥滚子 推力球轴承
6 1 N Z NA 7 3 5
内径代号 00 01 02 03 04～96
内径(mm) 10 12 15 17 代号×5

由于轴承是标准件，规定轴承<u style="box-sizing: border-box;">内圈</u>与轴颈的配合是<u style="box-sizing: border-box;">基孔制</u>，<u style="box-sizing: border-box;">外圈</u>与座孔的配合取<u style="box-sizing: border-box;">基轴制</u>。

联轴器、离合器、制动器

  1. 联轴器的选择：

    • 两轴严格对中→固定式

    • 不能严格对中/工作时可能发生偏移→可移式/弹性

    • 载荷平稳→刚性

    • 经常启动/载荷变化很大→弹性

    • 低速→刚性

    • 高速→弹性

    • 温度过高/过低时，不选含橡胶、尼龙的弹性联轴器

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弹簧、机架、导轨

  1. 弹簧刚度计算：

    <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="89.767ex" height="28.492ex" viewBox="0 -1459.5 38649.3 12267.3" role="img" focusable="false" style="vertical-align: -25.102ex; max-width: 76900px;" class="in-text-selection"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)"><g transform="translate(15331,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">弹</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">簧</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">刚</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">度</text></g></g><g transform="translate(15765,-1883)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">簧</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">丝</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">材</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">料</text></g><g transform="translate(3166,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">剪</text></g><g transform="translate(3957,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">切</text></g><g transform="translate(4749,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">模</text></g><g transform="translate(5541,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">量</text></g></g><g transform="translate(17480,-3105)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">簧</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">丝</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">直</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">径</text></g></g><g transform="translate(13894,-4988)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">弹</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">簧</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">指</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">数</text></g><g transform="translate(3166,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">（</text></g><g transform="translate(3957,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">旋</text></g><g transform="translate(4749,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">绕</text></g><g transform="translate(5541,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">比</text></g><g transform="translate(6332,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">）</text></g></g><g transform="translate(18233,-6813)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">圈</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">数</text></g></g><g transform="translate(17100,-8035)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">弹</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">簧</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">中</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">径</text></g></g><g transform="translate(14920,-9314)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">弹</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">簧</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">内</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">径</text></g></g><g transform="translate(15147,-10593)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">弹</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">簧</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">外</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">径</text></g></g></g></svg>

速度波动

  1. 周期性→飞轮调节

    非周期性→调速器调节

  2. 计算：

    <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="89.767ex" height="32.461ex" viewBox="0 -906.7 38649.3 13976.1" role="img" focusable="false" style="vertical-align: -30.355ex; max-width: 76900px;" class="in-text-selection"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)"><g transform="translate(12760,-1397)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">最</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">大</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">盈</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">亏</text></g><g transform="translate(3166,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">功</text></g></g><g transform="translate(16237,-2684)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">飞</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">轮</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">的</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">转</text></g><g transform="translate(3166,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">动</text></g><g transform="translate(3957,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">惯</text></g><g transform="translate(4749,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">量</text></g></g><g transform="translate(14053,-4327)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">飞</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">轮</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">的</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">平</text></g><g transform="translate(3166,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">均</text></g><g transform="translate(3957,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">角</text></g><g transform="translate(4749,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">速</text></g><g transform="translate(5541,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">度</text></g></g><g transform="translate(13596,-6725)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">不</text><g transform="translate(791,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">均</text></g><g transform="translate(1583,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">匀</text></g><g transform="translate(2374,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">系</text></g><g transform="translate(3166,0)"><text font-family="STIXGeneral, 'PingFang SC', serif" stroke="none" transform="scale(50.259) matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)">数</text></g></g></g></svg>

回转件的平衡

机械发展与创新设计

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