Python我爱编程Django

django 练习,分页,form 表单验证

2018-05-18  本文已影响491人  两分与桥

django 写的一个在网页上对学生信息进行操作,用到了ajax,jquery操作表格等,还有 bootstrap,和 font-awesome(图标),这些框架写好了各种各样的网页元素,用起来十分的方便,
下面是效果图,


#models.py 文件 的建表信息
from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Classes(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    m = models.ManyToManyField("Teacher")

class Teacher(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class Student(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    gender = models.NullBooleanField()
    cs = models.ForeignKey("Classes",on_delete=models.CASCADE)

路由分发文件,

# urls.py 路由文件
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path("students.html/", views.students),
    path("add_student/", views.add_student),
    path("del_students/", views.del_students),
    path("edit_student/", views.edit_student),

]

这个是视图函数文件,处理URL分发的事件

# views.py 文件
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from app01 import models
import json
# Create your views here.

def students(request):
    all_students = models.Student.objects.all()
    all_classes = models.Classes.objects.all()
    return render(request, "students.html",{
        "all_students": all_students,
        "all_classes": all_classes,
    })

def add_student(request):
    response = {'status':True,"message":None,"nid":None}
    try:
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        age = request.POST.get("age")
        gender = request.POST.get("gender")
        cls_id = request.POST.get("cls_id")
        print(username,age,gender,cls_id)
        obj = models.Student.objects.create(
            username=username,
            age=age,
            gender=gender,
            cs_id=cls_id,
        )
        response["nid"] = obj.id
    except Exception as e:
        response["status"] = False
        response["message"] = "用户输入错误"
    import json
    response_json = json.dumps(response)
    return HttpResponse(response_json)

def del_students(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        response = {"status":True}
        try:
            nid = request.POST.get("nid")
            models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
        except Exception as e:
            response["status"] = False
        response_ret = json.dumps(response)
        return HttpResponse(response_ret)

def edit_student(request):
    response = {'code':1000, 'message': None}
    if request.method == "POST":
        try:
            nid = request.POST.get("nid")
            username = request.POST.get("username")
            age = request.POST.get("age")
            gender = request.POST.get("gender")
            cs_id = request.POST.get("cls_id")
            print(nid,username,age,gender,cs_id)
            models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).update(
                username=username,
                age=age,
                gender=gender,
                cs_id=cs_id,
            )
        except Exception as e:
            response["code"] = 1001
            response["message"] = str(e)

        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(response))

下面这个是主文件了,就只有一个html文件,主要通信都是用ajax

# 这个是 student.html 文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.css">
    <style>
        .aa {
            font-size: 20px;
            margin-right: 20px;
        }

        .mybtn {
            width: 80px;
            font-size: 20px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body class="container">
<a class="btn btn-success mybtn" id="myadd">添加</a>
<table class="table table-hover">
    <thead>
    <tr>
        <th>ID</th>
        <th>姓名</th>
        <th>年龄</th>
        <th>性别</th>
        <th>班级</th>
        <th>操作</th>
    </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody id="tb">
    {% for foo in all_students %}
        <tr nid="{{ foo.id }}">
            <td na="nid">{{ foo.id }}</td>
            <td na="username">{{ foo.username }}</td>
            <td na="age">{{ foo.age }}</td>
            {% if foo.gender %}
                <td na="gender">男</td>
            {% else %}
                <td na="gender">女</td>
            {% endif %}

            <td na="cs_id" cls_id="{{ foo.cs.id }}">{{ foo.cs.title }}</td>
            <td>
                <a class="aa glyphicon glyphicon-remove" aria-hidden="true"></a>
                <a class="fa fa-spoon fa-2x edit-row" aria-hidden="true"></a>
            </td>
        </tr>
    {% endfor %}
    </tbody>
</table>


<!-- Moda 添加框 -->
<div class="modal fade" id="addModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel">
    <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
        <div class="modal-content">
            <div class="modal-header">
                <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span>
                </button>
                <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">创建学生</h4>
            </div>
            <div class="modal-body">
                <form class="form-horizontal">
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="username" class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-10">
                            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" placeholder="姓名" name="username">
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">年龄</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-10">
                            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="age" placeholder="年龄" name="age">
                        </div>
                    </div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">性别</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-10">
                            <div class="radio">
                                <label>
                                    <input type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
                                    男
                                </label>
                            </div>
                            <div class="radio">
                                <label>
                                    <input type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
                                    女
                                </label>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">班级</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-10">
                            <select class="form-control" name="cls_id" id="sele">
                                {% for foo in all_classes %}
                                    <option value="{{ foo.id }}">{{ foo.title }}</option>
                                {% endfor %}
                            </select>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </form>


            </div>
            <div class="modal-footer">
                <span style="color: red" id="error"></span>
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">取消</button>
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id="save">保存</button>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

<!-- Modal 删除框-->
<div class="modal fade" id="delModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel">
    <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
        <div class="modal-content">
            <div class="modal-header">
                <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span>
                </button>
                <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">是否删除学生信息?</h4>
            </div>
            <div class="modal-body">
                <form class="form-horizontal">
                    <h3>=========<input type="hidden" id="nid"></h3>
                </form>
            </div>
            <div class="modal-footer">
                <span style="color: red" id="error"></span>
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-info" data-dismiss="modal">取消</button>
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" id="delComfirm">确定</button>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

<!-- Modal 编辑框-->
<div class="modal fade" id="editModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel">
    <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
        <div class="modal-content">
            <div class="modal-header">
                <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span>
                </button>
                <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">编辑学生信息</h4>
            </div>
            <div class="modal-body">
                <form class="form-horizontal">
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="username" class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-10">
                            <input type="hidden" name="nid">
                            <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="姓名" name="username">
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">年龄</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-10">
                            <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="年龄" name="age">
                        </div>
                    </div>

                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">性别</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-10">
                            <div class="radio">
                                <label>
                                    <input type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
                                    男
                                </label>
                            </div>
                            <div class="radio">
                                <label>
                                    <input type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
                                    女
                                </label>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">班级</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-10">
                            <select class="form-control" name="cls_id" id="sele">
                                {% for foo in all_classes %}
                                    <option value="{{ foo.id }}">{{ foo.title }}</option>
                                {% endfor %}
                            </select>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </form>


            </div>
            <div class="modal-footer">
                <span style="color: red" id="error"></span>
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">取消</button>
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary editConfirm" id="save">保存</button>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>



<script src="/static/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>
<script src="/static/plugins/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js"></script>

<script>
    $(function () { //当页面加载完成后给按钮绑定事件
        bindEvent();
        getData();
        delEvent();
        delConfirm();
        editEvent();
        editConfirm();
    });

    function delConfirm() { //删除确定按钮,确定删除就只需要把对应的id发送到后台就行了
        $("#delComfirm").click(function () { // 给删除框的确定按钮绑定事件,
            nid = $("#nid").val();
            console.log(nid);
            $.ajax({
                url: "/del_students/",
                type: "POST",
                data: {"nid":nid},
                success:function (arg) {
                    ret = JSON.parse(arg);  // server 发过来的就是json字符串
                    if(ret.status){
                        $('tr[nid="'+nid+'"]').remove(); // 不刷新页面用js移除删除的tr
                        $("#delModal").modal("hide");
                    }else{
                        alert("删除失败")
                    }
                }
            })
        })
    }

    function bindEvent() {
        $("#myadd").click(function () {
            $("#addModal").modal("show"); // 给页面上的添加按钮绑定事件,为显示添加框
        })
    }

    function getData() { // 获取输入框的值,并用ajax发送到后台
        var postData = {};
        $("#save").click(function () {
            $("#addModal").find("input,select").each(function () { //找到所有的input ,select框
                var n = $(this).attr("name");
                if(n == "gender"){ // gender 的 radio 单选框要处理一下,而select不必处理,会直接取到选定的值
                    if($(this).prop("checked")){ //选中的为 true
                        var v = $(this).val();
                        postData[n] = v;
                    }
                }else{
                    var v = $(this).val();
                    postData[n] = v;
                }
            });
            console.log(postData); // 所有的数据都在字典内了,

            $.ajax({
                url: "/add_student/",
                type: "POST",
                data: postData,
                success:function (arg) {
                    message = JSON.parse(arg);
                    console.log(message);
                    if(message["status"]){
                        // window.location.reload(); // 刷新页面
                        create_table(postData,message["nid"]); // 不刷新页面就要自己用js建一个个td拼成一个tr,添加到table
                        $("#addModal").modal("hide"); // 添加完毕就让添加框消失,
                    }else{
                        $("#error").html(message["message"]) //出错就会有提示信息出现在按钮旁边,看图片
                    }
                }
            })
        });
    }

    function create_table(postData, nid) { // 创建一个一个标签,拼接起来
        var tr_ele = document.createElement("tr");
        $(tr_ele).attr('nid',nid);

        var td_id = document.createElement("td");
        td_id.innerHTML = nid;
        $(tr_ele).append(td_id);

        var td_user = document.createElement("td");
        td_user.innerHTML = postData["username"];
        $(tr_ele).append(td_user);

        var td_age = document.createElement("td");
        td_age.innerHTML = postData["age"];
        $(tr_ele).append(td_age);

        var td_gender = document.createElement("td");
        if(postData["gender"]==0) {
            var gend = "女";
        }else{
            var gend = "男"
        }
        td_gender.innerHTML = gend;
        $(tr_ele).append(td_gender);

        var td_cls_id = document.createElement("td");
        title = $("#sele").find('option[value="'+postData["cls_id"]+'"]').text();
        td_cls_id.innerHTML = title;
        $(tr_ele).append(td_cls_id);

        // 那两个a标签,也就是删除按钮和编辑按钮用字符串的话就相对来说方便一些
        var a_td = '<td><a class="aa glyphicon glyphicon-remove" aria-hidden="true"></a><a class="fa fa-spoon fa-2x" aria-hidden="true"></a> </td>';
        $(tr_ele).append(a_td);

        $("#tb").append(tr_ele);
    }
    
    function delEvent() { // 为删除按钮绑定事件
        $("#tb").on('click','.aa',function () {
            $("#delModal").modal("show");
            var nid = $(this).parent().parent().attr("nid"); // 删除一个记录就必须要用到id了,
            $("#nid").val(nid); // 把获取的的id赋值到删除提示框的一个隐藏input中,待到按下确认删除按钮时发送
        })
    }


    function editEvent() {  // 绑定编辑按钮的点击事件
        $("#tb").on("click",".edit-row",function () { // 动态绑定事件,我们必须考虑到动态添加的标签一般绑定下
            $("#editModal").modal("show");            // 是不会有事件的,就要用到动态绑定,也就是在按下按钮时绑定事件并触发
            $(this).parent().siblings().each(function () { // 编辑的话就要获取table上某一行的数据了
                var v = $(this).text();
                var n = $(this).attr("na"); // 把相对应的键值赋给na(随意的名称),直接取出来对应就行了
                if(n=="cs_id"){             // 这样的话之后添加和删除某个选项就不必痛苦了。。。
                    var cid = $(this).attr("cls_id");
                    $("#editModal select[name='cls_id']").val(cid)
                }else if(n=='gender'){
                    if(v=="男"){
                        $("#editModal :radio[value='1']").prop('checked',true);  // 选中 radio 的某一个
                    }else{
                        $("#editModal :radio[value='0']").prop('checked',true);
                    }
                }
                else{
                    $("#editModal input[name='"+n+"']").val(v);
                }
            });
        })
    }
    
    function editConfirm() { // 编辑跟添加类似,
        var postData = {};
        $(".editConfirm").click(function () {
            $("#editModal").find("input,select").each(function () {
                var n = $(this).attr("name");
                var v = $(this).val();
                if(n=="gender"){
                    if($(this).prop("checked")){
                        postData[n] = v;
                    }
                }else{
                postData[n] = v;
                }
            });
            console.log(postData);

            $.ajax({
                url: "/edit_student/",
                type: "POST",
                data: postData,
                success:function (arg) {
                    ret = JSON.parse(arg);
                    if(ret["code"]==1000){ // ret['code'] 等于 1000 就是为true了
                        window.location.reload();
                        $("#editModal").modal("hide"); // 这里就不用js删除了,直接刷新页面
                    }else{
                        alert(ret['message'])
                    }
                }
            })
        })
    }
</script>
</body>
</html>



添加按钮提示框,当用户输入有问题时就会提示 ’ 用户输入错误 ‘ ,


下面这个是编辑框,点击打开某个学生时会默认选中,



整个总体来说写的还是存在一个bug,例如在添加学生信息时,页面上是用 js 创建tr表格的,各种属性没有添加上去,
页面信息有时候用js添加比较好,不用刷新整个页面,而有时候是页面整个刷新为好,看各种情况了。
下面是总结呵,
1. 
    Python序列化
        字符串 = json.dumps(对象)    对象->字符串
        对象 = json.loads(字符串)    字符串->对象
        
    JavaScript:
        字符串 = JSON.stringify(对象) 对象->字符串
        对象 = JSON.parse(字符串)     字符串->对象
        
    应用场景:
        数据传输时,
            发送:字符串
            接收:字符串 -> 对象
2. ajax

    $.ajax({
        url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
        type: 'GET',
        data: {'k1':'v1'},
        success:function(arg){
            // arg是字符串类型
            // var obj = JSON.parse(arg)
        }
    })
    
    
    $.ajax({
        url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
        type: 'GET',
        data: {'k1':'v1'},
        dataType: 'JSON',
        success:function(arg){
            // arg是对象
        }
    })
    
    
    $.ajax({
        url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
        type: 'GET',
        data: {'k1':[1,2,3,4]},
        dataType: 'JSON',
        success:function(arg){
            // arg是对象
        }
    })
    
    发送数据时:
        data中的v
        
        a. 只是字符串或数字
            $.ajax({
                url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
                type: 'GET',
                data: {'k1':'v1'},
                dataType: 'JSON',
                success:function(arg){
                    // arg是对象
                }
            })
        b. 包含属组
            $.ajax({
                url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
                type: 'GET',
                data: {'k1':[1,2,3,4]},
                dataType: 'JSON',
                traditional: true, //// 要加这一句
                success:function(arg){
                    // arg是对象
                }
            })
            
        c. 传字典,或者将其转换成字符串
        
            b. 包含属组
            $.ajax({
                url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
                type: 'GET',
                data: {'k1': JSON.stringify({}) },
                dataType: 'JSON',
                success:function(arg){
                    // arg是对象
                }
            })
            
    
    
3. 事件委托

    $('要绑定标签的上级标签').on('click','要绑定的标签',function(){})

    $('要绑定标签的上级标签').delegate('要绑定的标签','click',function(){})

4. 编辑
    

5. 总结

        新URL方式: //也就是跳转到新页面的方式
            - 独立的页面
            - 数据量大或条目多
            
        对话框方式:
            - 数据量小或条目少
                -增加,编辑
                    - Ajax: 考虑,当前页;td中自定义属性
                    - 页面(***)
                
        删除:
            对话框

这个就到这里了。路漫漫其修远兮

django 分页

补充:
写一个对页面分页的类,django的内置分页太丑了

# tests.py 文件,建立自定制的类
class couPaginator(object):
    def __init__(self,totalCount,CurrentPage,perPageItemNum=30,maxPageNum=8):
        # 数据总个数
        self.total_count = totalCount
        # 当前页
        self.current_page = CurrentPage
        # 每页最多显示的条数
        self.per_page_item_num = perPageItemNum
        # 最多显示页面
        self.max_page_num = maxPageNum

        self.check()

    def check(self): # 检查数据,
        try:
            self.total_count = int(self.total_count)
            self.current_page = int(self.current_page)
            if self.current_page > self.num_pages: # 如果当前页大于最大页数
                self.current_page=self.num_pages
            if self.current_page <= 1: # 如果当前页小于等于1
                self.current_page=1
        except Exception as e:
            pass
    @property # 装饰器,可以使得函数不加 () 直接调用
    def num_pages(self):
        a,b=divmod(self.total_count,self.per_page_item_num) # 总数目/每页显示数据,返回整除和余数
        if b==0:
            return a
        else:
            return a+1 
    def start(self): # 返回 开始
        return (self.current_page-1)*self.per_page_item_num
    def end(self): # 返回结束
        return self.current_page*self.per_page_item_num

    @property
    def pager_num_range(self): # 这个是分页函数,也就是页面下面的一排跳转页面
        if self.num_pages <= self.max_page_num:
            return range(1,self.num_pages+1)
        if self.current_page <= self.max_page_num/2:
            return range(1,self.max_page_num+1)
        part = int(self.max_page_num/2)
        if self.current_page+part>=self.num_pages+1:
            return range(self.num_pages-self.max_page_num+1,self.num_pages+1)
        return range(self.current_page-part,self.current_page+part)
    
    def page_str(self): # 对上面的分页函数转成html,可以直接在模版渲染出来,不用再做另外的转换
        test_list=[]
        if self.current_page==1:
            prev = "<li><a href='#'>上一页</a></li>"
        else:
            prev = "<li><a href='/index2?p=%s'>上一页</a></li>" %(self.current_page-1)
        if self.current_page==self.max_page_num:
            next = "<li><a href='#'>下一页</a></li>"
        else:
            next = "<li><a href='/index2?p=%s'>下一页</a></li>" %(self.current_page+1)
        test_list.append(prev)
        test_list.append(next)
        for i in self.pager_num_range:
            if i == self.current_page:
                temp = "<li class='active'><a href='/index2?p=%s'>%s</a></li>" %(i,i)
            else:
                temp = "<li><a href='/index2?p=%s'>%s</a></li>" %(i,i)
            test_list.append(temp)
        first = "<li><a href='/index2?p=1'>首页</a></li>"
        last = "<li><a href='/index2?p=%s'>尾页</a></li>" %(self.num_pages)
        test_list.append(first)
        test_list.append(last)
        return ' '.join(test_list)

模版文件

# index2.html 文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
    {% for foo in data %}
        <p>{{ foo.name }} - {{ foo.age }}</p>
    {% endfor %}


    <ul class="pagination">
        {{ test.page_str|safe }}
      </ul>
</body>
</html>

视图函数

# 视图函数,views.py 文件
test_list = []  # 创建数据
for i in range(999):
    temp = {'name':'root'+str(i),'age':i}
    test_list.append(temp)

def index2(request):
    p = request.GET.get("p")
    from app01.tests import couPaginator
    test = couPaginator(999,p,perPageItemNum=10)
    return render(request,"index2.html",{
        "data":test_list[test.start():test.end()],
        "test":test,
    })

不要忘记在 urls.py 文件中添加路由导航,还有要在静态文件下添加bootstrap 文件,静态文件目录也需要配置

2.分页组件
    - Django内置分页
        - Paginator、 Page   
        - 页面:include
    
    - 扩展Django的内置分页
        - CustomPaginator(Paginator)
    传入:
        - 所有数据 
        - 当前页
        - 每页显示30条
        - 最多页面7个
    
    - 自定义分页
    传入:
        - 所有数据的个数
        - 当前页
        - 每页显示30条
        - 最多页面7个


form 表单验证,基本

调用 django 内置的 Form 组件,对前端的输入进行验证和返回错误提示信息,

# views.py 文件下的
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
class F1form(forms.Form):
    user = fields.CharField(
        max_length=18, # 最长
        min_length=6, # 最短
        required=True, # 限制不能为空
        error_messages={  # 自定制返回到前端的错误提示信息
            "required": "用户名不能为空",
            "max_length": "用户名太长",
            "min_length": "用户名太短",
        }
    )
    pwd = fields.CharField(
        min_length=32,
        required=True,
        error_messages={
            "min_length": "最短32个字符",
            "required": "密码不能为空",
        }
    )
    age = fields.IntegerField(
        required=True,
        error_messages={
            "required": "年龄不能为空",
            "invalid": "必须为数字",
        }
    )
    email = fields.EmailField(
        required=True,
        error_messages={
            "required": "邮箱不能为空",
            "invalid": "邮箱格式错误",
        }
    )


def fm(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request,"fm.html")
    if request.method == "POST":
        # user = request.POST.get("user")
        # age = request.POST.get("age")
        # pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
        # email = request.POST.get("email")
        # print(user,age,pwd,email)
        obj = F1form(request.POST)
        if obj.is_valid():
            print(obj.cleaned_data) # 验证通过获取到用户输入的数据
        else:
            print(obj.errors) # 验证失败返回错误信息
        return render(request,"fm.html",{"obj":obj})

前端的html文件

# fm.html 文件,用obj.errors.user.0 来取到user错误信息的第一个,因为一个输入框会不止一个错误提示
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<form action="/fm.html/" method="post" id="fm">
    <p><input type="text" name="user" placeholder="user">{{ obj.errors.user.0 }}</p>
    <p><input type="text" name="pwd" placeholder="pwd">{{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }}</p>
    <p><input type="text" name="age" placeholder="age">{{ obj.errors.age.0 }}</p>
    <p><input type="text" name="email" placeholder="email">{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
    <p><input type="submit" value="提交" class="btn btn-primary"></p>

</form>
</body>
</html>

在URL路由文件urls.py 文件下要添加路径导航,
path('fm.html/', views.fm),
要注释掉 form 的锁 csrf

django内置的 forms 还能自己生成html代码,也就是输入框,所以, views.py 和 fm.html 文件也可以改成下面的,

# views.py 文件
def fm(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        obj = F1form()  # 改动的地方
        return render(request,"fm.html",{"obj":obj}) # 还有这里
    if request.method == "POST":
        # user = request.POST.get("user")
        # age = request.POST.get("age")
        # pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
        # email = request.POST.get("email")
        # print(user,age,pwd,email)
        obj = F1form(request.POST)
        if obj.is_valid():
            print(obj.cleaned_data)
        else:
            print(obj.errors)
        return render(request,"fm.html",{"obj":obj})

# html 文件中的 input 输入框就可以用 django 中的来代替了
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<form action="/fm.html/" method="post" id="fm">
    <p>{{ obj.user }}{{ obj.errors.user.0 }}</p>
    <p>{{ obj.pwd }}{{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }}</p>
    <p>{{ obj.age }}{{ obj.errors.age.0 }}</p>
    <p>{{ obj.email }}{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
    <p><input type="submit" value="提交" class="btn btn-primary"></p>

</form>
</body>
</html>

form 也可以验证ajax提交的数据,因为ajax提交的数据到服务器也是用post提取的,(具体看你ajax中type的设置了)


Form组件

    - 对用户请求的验证
        - AJax
        - Form
    - 生成HTML代码

    a. 创建一个类
    b. 类中创建字段(包含正则表达式)
    c. GET
        obj = Fr()
        obj.user = > 自动生成HTML
        
    d. POST
        obj = Fr(request.POST)
        if obj.is_valid():
            obj.cleaned_data
        else:
            obj.errors
            return .... obj
    

form 提交数据,验证数据的有效性,

我们可以自定制正则,也可以用django内置的规则,

# models.py 创建一个表格
from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class userInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=32)

# urls.py 
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views
from django.conf.urls import url

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('users/', views.users),
    path('add_user/', views.add_user),
    url("^edit_user-(\d)$", views.edit_user), #这个是之前版本的路由导航
]

# fm.py 自创建的文件,放置 form 类
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields

class UserForm(forms.Form):
    username = fields.CharField(
        max_length=32,
        required=True,
        error_messages={  # 自定制错误提示信息
            "required":"请输入用户名",
            "max_length": "必须输入32个字符",
        }
    )
    email = fields.EmailField(
        required=True,
        error_messages={
            "required": "必须输入邮箱",
            "invalid": "不是正确的邮箱格式",
        }
    )
# views.py 
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from app01 import models

from app01 import fm

def users(request): # 返回所有的数据,也就是所有表格的信息
    data_list = models.userInfo.objects.all()
    return render(request,"users.html",{"data_list":data_list})

def add_user(request): # 添加数据,跳转到add_user.html, 
    if request.method == "GET":
        obj = fm.UserForm()
        return render(request,"add_user.html",{"obj":obj})
    if request.method == "POST": # post 接收数据,用form检测格式
        obj = fm.UserForm(request.POST)
        if obj.is_valid():
            print(obj.cleaned_data)
            models.userInfo.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data) # 检测通过创建数据
            return redirect("/users.html")
        else:
            return render(request,"add_user.html",{"obj":obj}) # 错误提示,返回错误信息

def edit_user(request,nid): # 编辑信息,使用form为我们写好的生成html,在edit_user.html中
    if request.method == "GET":
        data = models.userInfo.objects.filter(id=nid)[0] # nid 在ulrs.py 文件正则取得
        obj = fm.UserForm({"username":data.username,"email":data.email})
        return render(request,"edit_user.html",{"obj": obj,"nid":nid})
    if request.method == "POST":
        obj = fm.UserForm(request.POST)
        if obj.is_valid():
            print(obj.cleaned_data)
            models.userInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data)
            return redirect("/users")
        else:
            print(obj.errors) # 记得,返回错误信息时还要返回一次nid
            return render(request,"edit_user.html",{"obj":obj,"nid":nid})

# users.html  ----》user 函数(对应)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="/add_user/">添加</a>
{% for foo in data_list %}
    <p>
        <span> {{ foo.id }} </span>
        <span> {{ foo.username }} </span>
        <span> {{ foo.email }} </span>
    <a href="/edit_user-{{ foo.id }}">编辑</a>
    </p>
{% endfor %}

</body>
</html>

# add_user.html ----》add_user 函数
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/add_user/" method="post" novalidate>
    <p>{{ obj.username }}{{ obj.errors.username.0 }}</p>
    <p>{{ obj.email }}{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

# edit_user.html ----》edit_user
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/edit_user-{{ nid }}" method="post" novalidate>
    <p>{{ obj.username }}{{ obj.errors.username.0 }}</p>
    <p>{{ obj.email }}{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>



Form组件
    - form表单(验证;保留上次内容)
        - 
    - Ajax(验证;无需上次内容)
        - 返回HttpResponse
        - 前端:跳转或错误信息
        

所谓的扩展
        
1. Form组件扩展:

    1.简单扩展
        利用Form组件自带的正则扩展:
            a. 方式一
                from django.forms import Form
                from django.forms import widgets
                from django.forms import fields
                from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
                 
                class MyForm(Form):
                    user = fields.CharField(
                        error_messages={'invalid': '...'},
                        validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', '请输入数字'), RegexValidator(r'^159[0-9]+$', '数字必须以159开头')],
                    )
            b. 方式二
                from django.forms import Form
                from django.forms import widgets
                from django.forms import fields
                from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
                 
                class MyForm(Form):
                    user = fields.RegexField(r'^[0-9]+$',error_messages={'invalid': '...'})
                    
    2.基于源码流程
        a. 单字段
            from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError
            class AjaxForm(forms.Form):
                username = fields.CharField()
                user_id = fields.IntegerField(
                    widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(0,'alex'),(1,'刘皓宸'),(2,'杨建'),])
                )
            # 自定义方法 clean_字段名
            # 必须返回值self.cleaned_data['username']
            # 如果出错:raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
            def clean_username(self):
                v = self.cleaned_data['username']
                if models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=v).count():
                    # 整体错了
                    # 自己详细错误信息
                    raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
                return v
            def clean_user_id(self):
                return self.cleaned_data['user_id']
                    
                 
        b. 整体错误验证
            class AjaxForm(forms.Form):
                username = fields.CharField()
                user_id = fields.IntegerField(
                    widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(0,'alex'),(1,'刘皓宸'),(2,'杨建'),])
                )
                # 自定义方法 clean_字段名
                # 必须返回值self.cleaned_data['username']
                # 如果出错:raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
                def clean_username(self):
                    v = self.cleaned_data['username']
                    if models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=v).count():
                        # 整体错了
                        # 自己详细错误信息
                        raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
                    return v
                def clean_user_id(self):
                    return self.cleaned_data['user_id']

                def clean(self):
                    value_dict = self.cleaned_data
                    v1 = value_dict.get('username')
                    v2 = value_dict.get('user_id')
                    if v1 == 'root' and v2==1:
                        raise ValidationError('整体错误信息')
                    return self.cleaned_data
                    
                    
        PS: _post_clean
form结束了,就这些东西,扩展也并不是很多内容
                
         
2. Django序列化
    a.对象
    b.字典
    c.元祖

===================================


首先能完成任务,

亮点,分为两种,一参加过某种大型的架构,二某种东西研究得特别深,那就研究,

1.笔试:

2.面试

方向:
    - 基础
    - 亮点

基础:
    1.设计程序
    2.开发

亮点:
    某框架的源码:
    Tornado - 异步非堵塞(IO多路复用)

关于序列化问题,也就是 Queryset 类型转成 json 类型,可以参考
博客:http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/5246483.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/6144178.html

今天在简书编辑后丢了很多东西,好气啊

关于 NON_FIELD_ERRORS,也就是 all 了,下面是一个补充:

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from app01 import models

from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError


class LoginForm(forms.Form):
    username = fields.CharField(
        max_length=32,
        required=True,
        error_messages={
            'required':'请输入用户名',
            'max_length':'最长输入32个字符',
        },
        widget=widgets.TextInput()
    )
    # def clean_username(self):
    #     v1 = self.cleaned_data['username']
    #     v2 = models.User.objects.filter(username=v1).first()
    #     if not v2:
    #         raise ValidationError("用户名错误") # 这个引发的错误会在errors.username显示
    #     return v1

    password = fields.CharField(
        max_length=32,
        required=True,
        error_messages={
            'required':'请输入密码',
            'max_length':'最长输入32个字符'
        },
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput()
    )

    def clean(self):
        v1 = self.cleaned_data.get('username')
        v2 = self.cleaned_data.get('password')
        obj = models.User.objects.filter(username=v1).first()
        if not obj:
            raise ValidationError("用户名错误")
        elif obj.password != v2:
            raise ValidationError("密码错误")
        return self.cleaned_data

from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS
def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        obj = LoginForm()
        return render(request,"login.html",{"obj":obj})
    else:
        obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
        all_code = None
        if obj.is_valid():
            print(obj.cleaned_data)
            return HttpResponse("登陆成功")
        else:
            print(obj.errors)
            all_code = obj.errors[NON_FIELD_ERRORS] 
             # 在 template中没有 NON_FIELD_ERRORS,我只想到这个办法来传过去
        return render(request,"login.html",{"obj":obj,"all_code":all_code})
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