django 练习,分页,form 表单验证
django 写的一个在网页上对学生信息进行操作,用到了ajax,jquery操作表格等,还有 bootstrap,和 font-awesome(图标),这些框架写好了各种各样的网页元素,用起来十分的方便,
下面是效果图,
#models.py 文件 的建表信息
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Classes(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
m = models.ManyToManyField("Teacher")
class Teacher(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Student(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
age = models.IntegerField()
gender = models.NullBooleanField()
cs = models.ForeignKey("Classes",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
路由分发文件,
# urls.py 路由文件
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path("students.html/", views.students),
path("add_student/", views.add_student),
path("del_students/", views.del_students),
path("edit_student/", views.edit_student),
]
这个是视图函数文件,处理URL分发的事件
# views.py 文件
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from app01 import models
import json
# Create your views here.
def students(request):
all_students = models.Student.objects.all()
all_classes = models.Classes.objects.all()
return render(request, "students.html",{
"all_students": all_students,
"all_classes": all_classes,
})
def add_student(request):
response = {'status':True,"message":None,"nid":None}
try:
username = request.POST.get("username")
age = request.POST.get("age")
gender = request.POST.get("gender")
cls_id = request.POST.get("cls_id")
print(username,age,gender,cls_id)
obj = models.Student.objects.create(
username=username,
age=age,
gender=gender,
cs_id=cls_id,
)
response["nid"] = obj.id
except Exception as e:
response["status"] = False
response["message"] = "用户输入错误"
import json
response_json = json.dumps(response)
return HttpResponse(response_json)
def del_students(request):
if request.method == "POST":
response = {"status":True}
try:
nid = request.POST.get("nid")
models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
except Exception as e:
response["status"] = False
response_ret = json.dumps(response)
return HttpResponse(response_ret)
def edit_student(request):
response = {'code':1000, 'message': None}
if request.method == "POST":
try:
nid = request.POST.get("nid")
username = request.POST.get("username")
age = request.POST.get("age")
gender = request.POST.get("gender")
cs_id = request.POST.get("cls_id")
print(nid,username,age,gender,cs_id)
models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).update(
username=username,
age=age,
gender=gender,
cs_id=cs_id,
)
except Exception as e:
response["code"] = 1001
response["message"] = str(e)
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(response))
下面这个是主文件了,就只有一个html文件,主要通信都是用ajax
# 这个是 student.html 文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.css">
<style>
.aa {
font-size: 20px;
margin-right: 20px;
}
.mybtn {
width: 80px;
font-size: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body class="container">
<a class="btn btn-success mybtn" id="myadd">添加</a>
<table class="table table-hover">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>年龄</th>
<th>性别</th>
<th>班级</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody id="tb">
{% for foo in all_students %}
<tr nid="{{ foo.id }}">
<td na="nid">{{ foo.id }}</td>
<td na="username">{{ foo.username }}</td>
<td na="age">{{ foo.age }}</td>
{% if foo.gender %}
<td na="gender">男</td>
{% else %}
<td na="gender">女</td>
{% endif %}
<td na="cs_id" cls_id="{{ foo.cs.id }}">{{ foo.cs.title }}</td>
<td>
<a class="aa glyphicon glyphicon-remove" aria-hidden="true"></a>
<a class="fa fa-spoon fa-2x edit-row" aria-hidden="true"></a>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
<!-- Moda 添加框 -->
<div class="modal fade" id="addModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span>
</button>
<h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">创建学生</h4>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<form class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="username" class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" placeholder="姓名" name="username">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">年龄</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="age" placeholder="年龄" name="age">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">性别</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<div class="radio">
<label>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
男
</label>
</div>
<div class="radio">
<label>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
女
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">班级</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<select class="form-control" name="cls_id" id="sele">
{% for foo in all_classes %}
<option value="{{ foo.id }}">{{ foo.title }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<span style="color: red" id="error"></span>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">取消</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id="save">保存</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Modal 删除框-->
<div class="modal fade" id="delModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span>
</button>
<h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">是否删除学生信息?</h4>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<form class="form-horizontal">
<h3>=========<input type="hidden" id="nid"></h3>
</form>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<span style="color: red" id="error"></span>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info" data-dismiss="modal">取消</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" id="delComfirm">确定</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Modal 编辑框-->
<div class="modal fade" id="editModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span>
</button>
<h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">编辑学生信息</h4>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
<form class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="username" class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="hidden" name="nid">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="姓名" name="username">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">年龄</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="年龄" name="age">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">性别</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<div class="radio">
<label>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
男
</label>
</div>
<div class="radio">
<label>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
女
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">班级</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<select class="form-control" name="cls_id" id="sele">
{% for foo in all_classes %}
<option value="{{ foo.id }}">{{ foo.title }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<span style="color: red" id="error"></span>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">取消</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary editConfirm" id="save">保存</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="/static/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>
<script src="/static/plugins/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
<script>
$(function () { //当页面加载完成后给按钮绑定事件
bindEvent();
getData();
delEvent();
delConfirm();
editEvent();
editConfirm();
});
function delConfirm() { //删除确定按钮,确定删除就只需要把对应的id发送到后台就行了
$("#delComfirm").click(function () { // 给删除框的确定按钮绑定事件,
nid = $("#nid").val();
console.log(nid);
$.ajax({
url: "/del_students/",
type: "POST",
data: {"nid":nid},
success:function (arg) {
ret = JSON.parse(arg); // server 发过来的就是json字符串
if(ret.status){
$('tr[nid="'+nid+'"]').remove(); // 不刷新页面用js移除删除的tr
$("#delModal").modal("hide");
}else{
alert("删除失败")
}
}
})
})
}
function bindEvent() {
$("#myadd").click(function () {
$("#addModal").modal("show"); // 给页面上的添加按钮绑定事件,为显示添加框
})
}
function getData() { // 获取输入框的值,并用ajax发送到后台
var postData = {};
$("#save").click(function () {
$("#addModal").find("input,select").each(function () { //找到所有的input ,select框
var n = $(this).attr("name");
if(n == "gender"){ // gender 的 radio 单选框要处理一下,而select不必处理,会直接取到选定的值
if($(this).prop("checked")){ //选中的为 true
var v = $(this).val();
postData[n] = v;
}
}else{
var v = $(this).val();
postData[n] = v;
}
});
console.log(postData); // 所有的数据都在字典内了,
$.ajax({
url: "/add_student/",
type: "POST",
data: postData,
success:function (arg) {
message = JSON.parse(arg);
console.log(message);
if(message["status"]){
// window.location.reload(); // 刷新页面
create_table(postData,message["nid"]); // 不刷新页面就要自己用js建一个个td拼成一个tr,添加到table
$("#addModal").modal("hide"); // 添加完毕就让添加框消失,
}else{
$("#error").html(message["message"]) //出错就会有提示信息出现在按钮旁边,看图片
}
}
})
});
}
function create_table(postData, nid) { // 创建一个一个标签,拼接起来
var tr_ele = document.createElement("tr");
$(tr_ele).attr('nid',nid);
var td_id = document.createElement("td");
td_id.innerHTML = nid;
$(tr_ele).append(td_id);
var td_user = document.createElement("td");
td_user.innerHTML = postData["username"];
$(tr_ele).append(td_user);
var td_age = document.createElement("td");
td_age.innerHTML = postData["age"];
$(tr_ele).append(td_age);
var td_gender = document.createElement("td");
if(postData["gender"]==0) {
var gend = "女";
}else{
var gend = "男"
}
td_gender.innerHTML = gend;
$(tr_ele).append(td_gender);
var td_cls_id = document.createElement("td");
title = $("#sele").find('option[value="'+postData["cls_id"]+'"]').text();
td_cls_id.innerHTML = title;
$(tr_ele).append(td_cls_id);
// 那两个a标签,也就是删除按钮和编辑按钮用字符串的话就相对来说方便一些
var a_td = '<td><a class="aa glyphicon glyphicon-remove" aria-hidden="true"></a><a class="fa fa-spoon fa-2x" aria-hidden="true"></a> </td>';
$(tr_ele).append(a_td);
$("#tb").append(tr_ele);
}
function delEvent() { // 为删除按钮绑定事件
$("#tb").on('click','.aa',function () {
$("#delModal").modal("show");
var nid = $(this).parent().parent().attr("nid"); // 删除一个记录就必须要用到id了,
$("#nid").val(nid); // 把获取的的id赋值到删除提示框的一个隐藏input中,待到按下确认删除按钮时发送
})
}
function editEvent() { // 绑定编辑按钮的点击事件
$("#tb").on("click",".edit-row",function () { // 动态绑定事件,我们必须考虑到动态添加的标签一般绑定下
$("#editModal").modal("show"); // 是不会有事件的,就要用到动态绑定,也就是在按下按钮时绑定事件并触发
$(this).parent().siblings().each(function () { // 编辑的话就要获取table上某一行的数据了
var v = $(this).text();
var n = $(this).attr("na"); // 把相对应的键值赋给na(随意的名称),直接取出来对应就行了
if(n=="cs_id"){ // 这样的话之后添加和删除某个选项就不必痛苦了。。。
var cid = $(this).attr("cls_id");
$("#editModal select[name='cls_id']").val(cid)
}else if(n=='gender'){
if(v=="男"){
$("#editModal :radio[value='1']").prop('checked',true); // 选中 radio 的某一个
}else{
$("#editModal :radio[value='0']").prop('checked',true);
}
}
else{
$("#editModal input[name='"+n+"']").val(v);
}
});
})
}
function editConfirm() { // 编辑跟添加类似,
var postData = {};
$(".editConfirm").click(function () {
$("#editModal").find("input,select").each(function () {
var n = $(this).attr("name");
var v = $(this).val();
if(n=="gender"){
if($(this).prop("checked")){
postData[n] = v;
}
}else{
postData[n] = v;
}
});
console.log(postData);
$.ajax({
url: "/edit_student/",
type: "POST",
data: postData,
success:function (arg) {
ret = JSON.parse(arg);
if(ret["code"]==1000){ // ret['code'] 等于 1000 就是为true了
window.location.reload();
$("#editModal").modal("hide"); // 这里就不用js删除了,直接刷新页面
}else{
alert(ret['message'])
}
}
})
})
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
添加按钮提示框,当用户输入有问题时就会提示 ’ 用户输入错误 ‘ ,
下面这个是编辑框,点击打开某个学生时会默认选中,
整个总体来说写的还是存在一个bug,例如在添加学生信息时,页面上是用 js 创建tr表格的,各种属性没有添加上去,
页面信息有时候用js添加比较好,不用刷新整个页面,而有时候是页面整个刷新为好,看各种情况了。
下面是总结呵,
1.
Python序列化
字符串 = json.dumps(对象) 对象->字符串
对象 = json.loads(字符串) 字符串->对象
JavaScript:
字符串 = JSON.stringify(对象) 对象->字符串
对象 = JSON.parse(字符串) 字符串->对象
应用场景:
数据传输时,
发送:字符串
接收:字符串 -> 对象
2. ajax
$.ajax({
url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
type: 'GET',
data: {'k1':'v1'},
success:function(arg){
// arg是字符串类型
// var obj = JSON.parse(arg)
}
})
$.ajax({
url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
type: 'GET',
data: {'k1':'v1'},
dataType: 'JSON',
success:function(arg){
// arg是对象
}
})
$.ajax({
url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
type: 'GET',
data: {'k1':[1,2,3,4]},
dataType: 'JSON',
success:function(arg){
// arg是对象
}
})
发送数据时:
data中的v
a. 只是字符串或数字
$.ajax({
url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
type: 'GET',
data: {'k1':'v1'},
dataType: 'JSON',
success:function(arg){
// arg是对象
}
})
b. 包含属组
$.ajax({
url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
type: 'GET',
data: {'k1':[1,2,3,4]},
dataType: 'JSON',
traditional: true, //// 要加这一句
success:function(arg){
// arg是对象
}
})
c. 传字典,或者将其转换成字符串
b. 包含属组
$.ajax({
url: 'http//www.baidu.com',
type: 'GET',
data: {'k1': JSON.stringify({}) },
dataType: 'JSON',
success:function(arg){
// arg是对象
}
})
3. 事件委托
$('要绑定标签的上级标签').on('click','要绑定的标签',function(){})
$('要绑定标签的上级标签').delegate('要绑定的标签','click',function(){})
4. 编辑
5. 总结
新URL方式: //也就是跳转到新页面的方式
- 独立的页面
- 数据量大或条目多
对话框方式:
- 数据量小或条目少
-增加,编辑
- Ajax: 考虑,当前页;td中自定义属性
- 页面(***)
删除:
对话框
这个就到这里了。路漫漫其修远兮
django 分页
补充:
写一个对页面分页的类,django的内置分页太丑了
# tests.py 文件,建立自定制的类
class couPaginator(object):
def __init__(self,totalCount,CurrentPage,perPageItemNum=30,maxPageNum=8):
# 数据总个数
self.total_count = totalCount
# 当前页
self.current_page = CurrentPage
# 每页最多显示的条数
self.per_page_item_num = perPageItemNum
# 最多显示页面
self.max_page_num = maxPageNum
self.check()
def check(self): # 检查数据,
try:
self.total_count = int(self.total_count)
self.current_page = int(self.current_page)
if self.current_page > self.num_pages: # 如果当前页大于最大页数
self.current_page=self.num_pages
if self.current_page <= 1: # 如果当前页小于等于1
self.current_page=1
except Exception as e:
pass
@property # 装饰器,可以使得函数不加 () 直接调用
def num_pages(self):
a,b=divmod(self.total_count,self.per_page_item_num) # 总数目/每页显示数据,返回整除和余数
if b==0:
return a
else:
return a+1
def start(self): # 返回 开始
return (self.current_page-1)*self.per_page_item_num
def end(self): # 返回结束
return self.current_page*self.per_page_item_num
@property
def pager_num_range(self): # 这个是分页函数,也就是页面下面的一排跳转页面
if self.num_pages <= self.max_page_num:
return range(1,self.num_pages+1)
if self.current_page <= self.max_page_num/2:
return range(1,self.max_page_num+1)
part = int(self.max_page_num/2)
if self.current_page+part>=self.num_pages+1:
return range(self.num_pages-self.max_page_num+1,self.num_pages+1)
return range(self.current_page-part,self.current_page+part)
def page_str(self): # 对上面的分页函数转成html,可以直接在模版渲染出来,不用再做另外的转换
test_list=[]
if self.current_page==1:
prev = "<li><a href='#'>上一页</a></li>"
else:
prev = "<li><a href='/index2?p=%s'>上一页</a></li>" %(self.current_page-1)
if self.current_page==self.max_page_num:
next = "<li><a href='#'>下一页</a></li>"
else:
next = "<li><a href='/index2?p=%s'>下一页</a></li>" %(self.current_page+1)
test_list.append(prev)
test_list.append(next)
for i in self.pager_num_range:
if i == self.current_page:
temp = "<li class='active'><a href='/index2?p=%s'>%s</a></li>" %(i,i)
else:
temp = "<li><a href='/index2?p=%s'>%s</a></li>" %(i,i)
test_list.append(temp)
first = "<li><a href='/index2?p=1'>首页</a></li>"
last = "<li><a href='/index2?p=%s'>尾页</a></li>" %(self.num_pages)
test_list.append(first)
test_list.append(last)
return ' '.join(test_list)
模版文件
# index2.html 文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
{% for foo in data %}
<p>{{ foo.name }} - {{ foo.age }}</p>
{% endfor %}
<ul class="pagination">
{{ test.page_str|safe }}
</ul>
</body>
</html>
视图函数
# 视图函数,views.py 文件
test_list = [] # 创建数据
for i in range(999):
temp = {'name':'root'+str(i),'age':i}
test_list.append(temp)
def index2(request):
p = request.GET.get("p")
from app01.tests import couPaginator
test = couPaginator(999,p,perPageItemNum=10)
return render(request,"index2.html",{
"data":test_list[test.start():test.end()],
"test":test,
})
不要忘记在 urls.py 文件中添加路由导航,还有要在静态文件下添加bootstrap 文件,静态文件目录也需要配置
2.分页组件
- Django内置分页
- Paginator、 Page
- 页面:include
- 扩展Django的内置分页
- CustomPaginator(Paginator)
传入:
- 所有数据
- 当前页
- 每页显示30条
- 最多页面7个
- 自定义分页
传入:
- 所有数据的个数
- 当前页
- 每页显示30条
- 最多页面7个
form 表单验证,基本
调用 django 内置的 Form 组件,对前端的输入进行验证和返回错误提示信息,
# views.py 文件下的
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
class F1form(forms.Form):
user = fields.CharField(
max_length=18, # 最长
min_length=6, # 最短
required=True, # 限制不能为空
error_messages={ # 自定制返回到前端的错误提示信息
"required": "用户名不能为空",
"max_length": "用户名太长",
"min_length": "用户名太短",
}
)
pwd = fields.CharField(
min_length=32,
required=True,
error_messages={
"min_length": "最短32个字符",
"required": "密码不能为空",
}
)
age = fields.IntegerField(
required=True,
error_messages={
"required": "年龄不能为空",
"invalid": "必须为数字",
}
)
email = fields.EmailField(
required=True,
error_messages={
"required": "邮箱不能为空",
"invalid": "邮箱格式错误",
}
)
def fm(request):
if request.method == "GET":
return render(request,"fm.html")
if request.method == "POST":
# user = request.POST.get("user")
# age = request.POST.get("age")
# pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
# email = request.POST.get("email")
# print(user,age,pwd,email)
obj = F1form(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data) # 验证通过获取到用户输入的数据
else:
print(obj.errors) # 验证失败返回错误信息
return render(request,"fm.html",{"obj":obj})
前端的html文件
# fm.html 文件,用obj.errors.user.0 来取到user错误信息的第一个,因为一个输入框会不止一个错误提示
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<form action="/fm.html/" method="post" id="fm">
<p><input type="text" name="user" placeholder="user">{{ obj.errors.user.0 }}</p>
<p><input type="text" name="pwd" placeholder="pwd">{{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }}</p>
<p><input type="text" name="age" placeholder="age">{{ obj.errors.age.0 }}</p>
<p><input type="text" name="email" placeholder="email">{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
<p><input type="submit" value="提交" class="btn btn-primary"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
在URL路由文件urls.py 文件下要添加路径导航,
path('fm.html/', views.fm),
要注释掉 form 的锁 csrf
django内置的 forms 还能自己生成html代码,也就是输入框,所以, views.py 和 fm.html 文件也可以改成下面的,
# views.py 文件
def fm(request):
if request.method == "GET":
obj = F1form() # 改动的地方
return render(request,"fm.html",{"obj":obj}) # 还有这里
if request.method == "POST":
# user = request.POST.get("user")
# age = request.POST.get("age")
# pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
# email = request.POST.get("email")
# print(user,age,pwd,email)
obj = F1form(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data)
else:
print(obj.errors)
return render(request,"fm.html",{"obj":obj})
# html 文件中的 input 输入框就可以用 django 中的来代替了
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<form action="/fm.html/" method="post" id="fm">
<p>{{ obj.user }}{{ obj.errors.user.0 }}</p>
<p>{{ obj.pwd }}{{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }}</p>
<p>{{ obj.age }}{{ obj.errors.age.0 }}</p>
<p>{{ obj.email }}{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
<p><input type="submit" value="提交" class="btn btn-primary"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
form 也可以验证ajax提交的数据,因为ajax提交的数据到服务器也是用post提取的,(具体看你ajax中type的设置了)
Form组件
- 对用户请求的验证
- AJax
- Form
- 生成HTML代码
a. 创建一个类
b. 类中创建字段(包含正则表达式)
c. GET
obj = Fr()
obj.user = > 自动生成HTML
d. POST
obj = Fr(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
obj.cleaned_data
else:
obj.errors
return .... obj
form 提交数据,验证数据的有效性,
我们可以自定制正则,也可以用django内置的规则,
# models.py 创建一个表格
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class userInfo(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
email = models.EmailField(max_length=32)
# urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views
from django.conf.urls import url
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('users/', views.users),
path('add_user/', views.add_user),
url("^edit_user-(\d)$", views.edit_user), #这个是之前版本的路由导航
]
# fm.py 自创建的文件,放置 form 类
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
class UserForm(forms.Form):
username = fields.CharField(
max_length=32,
required=True,
error_messages={ # 自定制错误提示信息
"required":"请输入用户名",
"max_length": "必须输入32个字符",
}
)
email = fields.EmailField(
required=True,
error_messages={
"required": "必须输入邮箱",
"invalid": "不是正确的邮箱格式",
}
)
# views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from app01 import models
from app01 import fm
def users(request): # 返回所有的数据,也就是所有表格的信息
data_list = models.userInfo.objects.all()
return render(request,"users.html",{"data_list":data_list})
def add_user(request): # 添加数据,跳转到add_user.html,
if request.method == "GET":
obj = fm.UserForm()
return render(request,"add_user.html",{"obj":obj})
if request.method == "POST": # post 接收数据,用form检测格式
obj = fm.UserForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data)
models.userInfo.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data) # 检测通过创建数据
return redirect("/users.html")
else:
return render(request,"add_user.html",{"obj":obj}) # 错误提示,返回错误信息
def edit_user(request,nid): # 编辑信息,使用form为我们写好的生成html,在edit_user.html中
if request.method == "GET":
data = models.userInfo.objects.filter(id=nid)[0] # nid 在ulrs.py 文件正则取得
obj = fm.UserForm({"username":data.username,"email":data.email})
return render(request,"edit_user.html",{"obj": obj,"nid":nid})
if request.method == "POST":
obj = fm.UserForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data)
models.userInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data)
return redirect("/users")
else:
print(obj.errors) # 记得,返回错误信息时还要返回一次nid
return render(request,"edit_user.html",{"obj":obj,"nid":nid})
# users.html ----》user 函数(对应)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="/add_user/">添加</a>
{% for foo in data_list %}
<p>
<span> {{ foo.id }} </span>
<span> {{ foo.username }} </span>
<span> {{ foo.email }} </span>
<a href="/edit_user-{{ foo.id }}">编辑</a>
</p>
{% endfor %}
</body>
</html>
# add_user.html ----》add_user 函数
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/add_user/" method="post" novalidate>
<p>{{ obj.username }}{{ obj.errors.username.0 }}</p>
<p>{{ obj.email }}{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
# edit_user.html ----》edit_user
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/edit_user-{{ nid }}" method="post" novalidate>
<p>{{ obj.username }}{{ obj.errors.username.0 }}</p>
<p>{{ obj.email }}{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Form组件
- form表单(验证;保留上次内容)
-
- Ajax(验证;无需上次内容)
- 返回HttpResponse
- 前端:跳转或错误信息
所谓的扩展
1. Form组件扩展:
1.简单扩展
利用Form组件自带的正则扩展:
a. 方式一
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class MyForm(Form):
user = fields.CharField(
error_messages={'invalid': '...'},
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', '请输入数字'), RegexValidator(r'^159[0-9]+$', '数字必须以159开头')],
)
b. 方式二
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class MyForm(Form):
user = fields.RegexField(r'^[0-9]+$',error_messages={'invalid': '...'})
2.基于源码流程
a. 单字段
from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError
class AjaxForm(forms.Form):
username = fields.CharField()
user_id = fields.IntegerField(
widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(0,'alex'),(1,'刘皓宸'),(2,'杨建'),])
)
# 自定义方法 clean_字段名
# 必须返回值self.cleaned_data['username']
# 如果出错:raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
def clean_username(self):
v = self.cleaned_data['username']
if models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=v).count():
# 整体错了
# 自己详细错误信息
raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
return v
def clean_user_id(self):
return self.cleaned_data['user_id']
b. 整体错误验证
class AjaxForm(forms.Form):
username = fields.CharField()
user_id = fields.IntegerField(
widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(0,'alex'),(1,'刘皓宸'),(2,'杨建'),])
)
# 自定义方法 clean_字段名
# 必须返回值self.cleaned_data['username']
# 如果出错:raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
def clean_username(self):
v = self.cleaned_data['username']
if models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=v).count():
# 整体错了
# 自己详细错误信息
raise ValidationError('用户名已存在')
return v
def clean_user_id(self):
return self.cleaned_data['user_id']
def clean(self):
value_dict = self.cleaned_data
v1 = value_dict.get('username')
v2 = value_dict.get('user_id')
if v1 == 'root' and v2==1:
raise ValidationError('整体错误信息')
return self.cleaned_data
PS: _post_clean
form结束了,就这些东西,扩展也并不是很多内容
2. Django序列化
a.对象
b.字典
c.元祖
===================================
首先能完成任务,
亮点,分为两种,一参加过某种大型的架构,二某种东西研究得特别深,那就研究,
1.笔试:
2.面试
方向:
- 基础
- 亮点
基础:
1.设计程序
2.开发
亮点:
某框架的源码:
Tornado - 异步非堵塞(IO多路复用)
关于序列化问题,也就是 Queryset 类型转成 json 类型,可以参考
博客:http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/5246483.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/6144178.html
今天在简书编辑后丢了很多东西,好气啊
关于 NON_FIELD_ERRORS,也就是 all 了,下面是一个补充:
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from app01 import models
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
username = fields.CharField(
max_length=32,
required=True,
error_messages={
'required':'请输入用户名',
'max_length':'最长输入32个字符',
},
widget=widgets.TextInput()
)
# def clean_username(self):
# v1 = self.cleaned_data['username']
# v2 = models.User.objects.filter(username=v1).first()
# if not v2:
# raise ValidationError("用户名错误") # 这个引发的错误会在errors.username显示
# return v1
password = fields.CharField(
max_length=32,
required=True,
error_messages={
'required':'请输入密码',
'max_length':'最长输入32个字符'
},
widget=widgets.PasswordInput()
)
def clean(self):
v1 = self.cleaned_data.get('username')
v2 = self.cleaned_data.get('password')
obj = models.User.objects.filter(username=v1).first()
if not obj:
raise ValidationError("用户名错误")
elif obj.password != v2:
raise ValidationError("密码错误")
return self.cleaned_data
from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS
def login(request):
if request.method == "GET":
obj = LoginForm()
return render(request,"login.html",{"obj":obj})
else:
obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
all_code = None
if obj.is_valid():
print(obj.cleaned_data)
return HttpResponse("登陆成功")
else:
print(obj.errors)
all_code = obj.errors[NON_FIELD_ERRORS]
# 在 template中没有 NON_FIELD_ERRORS,我只想到这个办法来传过去
return render(request,"login.html",{"obj":obj,"all_code":all_code})