Ruby、RVM-使用总结

2021-10-15 本文已影响0人 AngeloD

Ruby、RVM-使用总结

安装或更新`Ruby`

方法一：使用`Homebrew`安装`Ruby`

Homebrew 是什么：

Homebrew是 mac的包管理器，仅需执行相应的命令,就能下载安装需要的软件包，可以省掉自己去下载、解压、拖拽(安装)等繁琐的步骤。

Homebrew 官方文档

安装`Homebrew`

在终端执行：

/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

执行结果：

==> Checking for `sudo` access (which may request your password).
Password:
==> This script will install:
/opt/homebrew/bin/brew
/opt/homebrew/share/doc/homebrew
/opt/homebrew/share/man/man1/brew.1
/opt/homebrew/share/zsh/site-functions/_brew
/opt/homebrew/etc/bash_completion.d/brew
/opt/homebrew

Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown -R hsh:admin /opt/homebrew
==> Downloading and installing Homebrew...
HEAD is now at 976f9daa1 Merge pull request #12235 from Homebrew/dependabot/bundler/Library/Homebrew/sorbet-0.5.9226
fatal: Could not resolve HEAD to a revision
Warning: /opt/homebrew/bin is not in your PATH.
  Instructions on how to configure your shell for Homebrew
  can be found in the 'Next steps' section below.
==> Installation successful!

==> Homebrew has enabled anonymous aggregate formulae and cask analytics.
Read the analytics documentation (and how to opt-out) here:
  https://docs.brew.sh/Analytics
No analytics data has been sent yet (or will be during this `install` run).

==> Homebrew is run entirely by unpaid volunteers. Please consider donating:
  https://github.com/Homebrew/brew#donations

==> Next steps:
- Run these two commands in your terminal to add Homebrew to your PATH:
    echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> /Users/hsh/.zprofile
    eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"
- Run `brew help` to get started
- Further documentation: 
    https://docs.brew.sh

可以看到第一步执行后有报错，按照报错提示执行Next steps：在终端执行：

// 第一步
echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> /Users/hsh/.zprofile
// 第二步
eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"

注：Mac M1 芯片每次重新打开终端时，可能无法找到brew，按照报错提示执行，重新打开终端时，也无法找到，解决办法：可以在终端执行：

// 用echo 添加上导出语句
echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/bin:$PATH"' >> $HOME/.zshrc

// 运行source命令，文件生效
source ~/.zshrc

启动brew，在终端执行：brew help：

执行结果：

Example usage:
  brew search TEXT|/REGEX/
  brew info [FORMULA|CASK...]
  brew install FORMULA|CASK...
  brew update
  brew upgrade [FORMULA|CASK...]
  brew uninstall FORMULA|CASK...
  brew list [FORMULA|CASK...]

Troubleshooting:
  brew config
  brew doctor
  brew install --verbose --debug FORMULA|CASK

Contributing:
  brew create URL [--no-fetch]
  brew edit [FORMULA|CASK...]

Further help:
  brew commands
  brew help [COMMAND]
  man brew
  https://docs.brew.sh

在终端执行：brew -v：查看最新版本：

执行结果：
```
Homebrew 3.2.16
Homebrew/homebrew-core (no Git repository)
```

更新`Homebrew`

打开终端执行：brew update：

执行结果：
```
Already up-to-date.
```

`Homebrew`常用语法：

// 卸载Homebrew
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/uninstall.sh)"

// 查询：
brew search 软件名
    
// 安装：
brew install 软件名
    
// 卸载：
brew uninstall 软件名
    
// 更新 Homebrew自己：
brew update 
    
// 查看 Homebrew 配置信息：
brew config 
    
// 查看哪些安装包需要更新
brew outdated
    
// 更新安装包
brew upgrade   # 更新所有的包
brew upgrade $FORMULA   # 更新指定的包
    
// 清理旧版本
brew cleanup   # 清理所有包的旧版本
brew cleanup $FORMULA   # 清理指定包的旧版本
brew cleanup -n   # 查看可清理的旧版本包，不执行实际操作
    
// 锁定不想更新的包
brew pin $FORMULA   # 锁定某个包
brew unpin $FORMULA    # 取消锁定
    
// 查看安装包的相关信息
brew info $FORMULA   # 显示某个包的信息
brew info   # 显示安装了包数量，文件数量，和总占用空间
brew deps --installed --tree   # 查看已安装的包的依赖，树形显示
    
// 列出已安装包
brew list
    
// 删除
brew rm $FORMULA   # 删除某个包
brew uninstall --force $FORMULA   # 删除所有版本

注：Homebrew主要由四个部分组成:brew、homebrew-core、homebrew-cask、homebrew-bottles，它们对应的功能如下：

组成	功能
Homebrew	源代码仓库
homebrew-core	Homebrew 核心源
homebrew-cask	提供macos应用和大型二进制文件的安装
homebrew-bottles	预编译二进制软件包

安装或更新`Ruby`

先更新Homebrew：brew update；Mac自身的ruby版本是2.6.3p62；

安装ruby：brew install ruby：

执行结果：

==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/libyaml/manifests/0.2.5
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/libyaml/blobs/sha256:fe1082f347
==> Downloading from https://pkg-containers.githubusercontent.com/ghcr1/blobs/sh
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/ca-certificates/manifests/2021-
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/ca-certificates/blobs/sha256:47
==> Downloading from https://pkg-containers.githubusercontent.com/ghcr1/blobs/sh
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/openssl/1.1/manifests/1.1.1l_1
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/openssl/1.1/blobs/sha256:e3d855
==> Downloading from https://pkg-containers.githubusercontent.com/ghcr1/blobs/sh
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/readline/manifests/8.1.1
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/readline/blobs/sha256:bcb228b99
==> Downloading from https://pkg-containers.githubusercontent.com/ghcr1/blobs/sh
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/ruby/manifests/3.0.2_1
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/ruby/blobs/sha256:86f9be3f7ac26
==> Downloading from https://pkg-containers.githubusercontent.com/ghcr1/blobs/sh
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Installing dependencies for ruby: libyaml, ca-certificates, openssl@1.1 and readline
==> Installing ruby dependency: libyaml
==> Pouring libyaml--0.2.5.arm64_big_sur.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /opt/homebrew/Cellar/libyaml/0.2.5: 10 files, 369.9KB
==> Installing ruby dependency: ca-certificates
==> Pouring ca-certificates--2021-09-30.all.bottle.1.tar.gz
==> Regenerating CA certificate bundle from keychain, this may take a while...
🍺  /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ca-certificates/2021-09-30: 3 files, 203.5KB
==> Installing ruby dependency: openssl@1.1
==> Pouring openssl@1.1--1.1.1l_1.arm64_big_sur.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /opt/homebrew/Cellar/openssl@1.1/1.1.1l_1: 8,073 files, 18MB
==> Installing ruby dependency: readline
==> Pouring readline--8.1.1.arm64_big_sur.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /opt/homebrew/Cellar/readline/8.1.1: 48 files, 1.7MB
==> Installing ruby
==> Pouring ruby--3.0.2_1.arm64_big_sur.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
By default, binaries installed by gem will be placed into:
  /opt/homebrew/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/bin

You may want to add this to your PATH.

ruby is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /opt/homebrew,
because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in
parallel can cause all kinds of trouble.

If you need to have ruby first in your PATH, run:
  echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

For compilers to find ruby you may need to set:
  export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/lib"
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/include"

==> Summary
🍺  /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.0.2_1: 16,390 files, 40.4MB
==> Caveats
==> ruby
By default, binaries installed by gem will be placed into:
  /opt/homebrew/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/bin

You may want to add this to your PATH.

ruby is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /opt/homebrew,
because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in
parallel can cause all kinds of trouble.

If you need to have ruby first in your PATH, run:
  echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

For compilers to find ruby you may need to set:
  export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/lib"
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/include"

安装完成后，执行ruby -v还是显示原来的版本，这是因为环境变量没有配置。

将ruby环境变量配置到~/.zshrc中：echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc；
使其立即生效：source ~/.zshrc；

现在执行：ruby -v：显示已是新版本：

ruby 3.0.2p107 (2021-07-07 revision 0db68f0233) [arm64-darwin20]

注意：Homebrew使用、报错等问题：参考这里

方法二：使用`RVM`安装或更新`Ruby`

安装RVM

安装：curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable；
执行：source ~/.bashrc；
执行：source ~/.bash_profile；

查看rvm版本：rvm -v：

执行结果：

rvm 1.29.12 (latest) by Michal Papis, Piotr Kuczynski, Wayne E. Seguin [https://rvm.io]

更新RVM

更新RVM：rvm get stable：

执行结果：

Downloading https://get.rvm.io
No GPG software exists to validate rvm-installer, skipping.
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/1.29.12.tar.gz
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.12/1.29.12.tar.gz.asc
Found PGP signature at: 'https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.12/1.29.12.tar.gz.asc',
but no GPG software exists to validate it, skipping.
Upgrading the RVM installation in /Users/hsh/.rvm/
    RVM PATH line found in /Users/hsh/.mkshrc /Users/hsh/.profile /Users/hsh/.bashrc /Users/hsh/.zshrc.
    RVM sourcing line found in /Users/hsh/.profile /Users/hsh/.bash_profile /Users/hsh/.zlogin.
Upgrade of RVM in /Users/hsh/.rvm/ is complete.
/Users/hsh/.zshrc:2:export PATH export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin 

  * WARNING: Above files contains PATH= with no $PATH inside, this can break RVM,
    for details check https://github.com/rvm/rvm/issues/1351#issuecomment-10939525
    to avoid this warning prepend $PATH


Thanks for installing RVM 🙏
Please consider donating to our open collective to help us maintain RVM.

👉  Donate: https://opencollective.com/rvm/donate


RVM reloaded!

安装或更新`Ruby`

查看当前的ruby版本：rvm list；

列出ruby可安装的版本信息：rvm list known：

执行结果：

# MRI Rubies
[ruby-]1.8.6[-p420]
[ruby-]1.8.7[-head] # security released on head
[ruby-]1.9.1[-p431]
[ruby-]1.9.2[-p330]
[ruby-]1.9.3[-p551]
[ruby-]2.0.0[-p648]
[ruby-]2.1[.10]
[ruby-]2.2[.10]
[ruby-]2.3[.8]
[ruby-]2.4[.10]
[ruby-]2.5[.8]
[ruby-]2.6[.6]
[ruby-]2.7[.2]
[ruby-]3[.0.0]
ruby-head

# for forks use: rvm install ruby-head-<name> --url https://github.com/github/ruby.git --branch 2.2

.....

安装ruby：rvm install 3.0.0；注意：如果你电脑没有安装Xcode和Command Line Tools for Xcode以及Homebrew 会自动下载安装,建议提前安装这三者.
设为默认：rvm use 3.0.0 --default；

注意：

1）use后面放rvm list安装的版本，能够直接放2.5.1，也能够放rvm list出来的全名
2）--default设置默认版本，若是不加这个字段，则只是在当前控制台临时设置版本

更换`Ruby`源

更换ruby源：在终端执行如下：

sudo gem update --system
gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/
gem sources --add https://gems.ruby-china.com/

验证你的Ruby镜像是并且仅是ruby-china：gem sources -l：

执行结果：
```
*** CURRENT SOURCES ***

https://gems.ruby-china.com/
```

Ruby、RVM-使用总结

Ruby、RVM-使用总结

安装或更新`Ruby`

方法一：使用`Homebrew`安装`Ruby`

Homebrew 是什么：

安装`Homebrew`

更新`Homebrew`

`Homebrew`常用语法：

安装或更新`Ruby`

方法二：使用`RVM`安装或更新`Ruby`

安装RVM

更新RVM

安装或更新`Ruby`

更换`Ruby`源

猜你喜欢

热点阅读

Ruby、RVM-使用总结

Ruby、RVM-使用总结

安装或更新Ruby

方法一：使用Homebrew安装Ruby

Homebrew 是什么：

安装Homebrew

更新Homebrew

Homebrew常用语法：

安装或更新Ruby

方法二：使用RVM安装或更新Ruby

安装RVM

更新RVM

安装或更新Ruby

更换Ruby源

猜你喜欢

热点阅读

安装或更新`Ruby`

方法一：使用`Homebrew`安装`Ruby`

安装`Homebrew`

更新`Homebrew`

`Homebrew`常用语法：

安装或更新`Ruby`

方法二：使用`RVM`安装或更新`Ruby`

安装或更新`Ruby`

更换`Ruby`源