学习词根---Unit 7.5
昨天的答案：
1. c 2. f 3. d 4. a 5. e 6. g 7. h 8. b
Words from Mythology and History
Achilles' heel.(阿喀琉斯之踵，致命弱点) A vulnerable point.
例句：By now his rival for the Senate seat had discovered his Achilles' heel, the court records of the terrible divorce he had gone through ten years earlier.
到目前为止，他参议院议员的竞争对手已经发现了他的致命弱点，法庭记录了他十年前所经历的糟糕的离婚。
When the hero Achilles was an infant, his sea-nymph mother dipped him into the river Styx to make him immortal. But since she held him by one heel, this spot did not touch the water and so remained mortal and vulnerable, and it was here that Achilles was eventually mortally wounded. Today, the tendon the stretches up the calf from the heel is called the Achilles tendon. But the term Achilles' heel isn't used in medicine; instead, it's only used with the general meaning "weak point"--for instance, to refer to a section of a country's borders that aren't militarily protected, or to a Jeopardy contestant's ignorance in the Sports category.
arcadia. A region or setting of rural pleasure and peacefulness.
例句：The Pocono Mountains of Pennsylvania are a vacationer's arcadia.
宾夕法尼亚州的波科诺山脉是度假者的世外桃源。
Arcadia, a beautiful rural area in Greece, became the favorite setting for poems about ideal innocence unaffected by the passions of the larger world, beginning with the works of the Roman poet Virgil. There, shepherds(牧羊人) play their pipes and sigh with longing fo flirtatious nymphs; shepherdesses sing to their flocks(畜群); and goat-footed nature gods play in the fields and woods. Today, city dwellers who hope to retire to a country house often indulge in arcadian fantasies about what rural life will be like.
Cassandra. A person who predicts misfortune or disaster.
例句：They used to call him a Cassandra because he often expected the worst, but his predictions tended to come true.
因为他经常预料到最糟糕的事情，他们过去称他为Cassandra，但他的预测总是会成真。
Cassandra, the daughter of King Priam of Troy, was one of those beautiful young maidens with whom Apollo fell in love. He gave her the gift of prophecy in return for the promise of her sexual favors, but at the last minute she refused him. Though he could not take back his gift, he angrily pronounced that no one would ever believe her predications; so when she prophesied the fall of her city to the Greeks and the death of its heroes, she was laughed at by the Trojans. A modern-day Cassandra goes around predicating gloom and doom--and may turn out to be right some of the time.
cyclopean. Huge or massive.
例句：They're imagining a new medical center on a cyclopean scale--a vast ten-block campus with thirty high-rise buildings.
他们想象着建一个新的具有庞大规模的医疗中心--像十座校园那么大，并且像三十座高楼那么高。
The Cyclopes of Greek mythology were huge, crude giants, each with a single eye in the middle of his forehead. Odysseus and is men had a terrible encounter with a Cyclops, and escaped utter disaster only by stabbing a burning stick into the monster's eye. The great stone walls at such ancient sites as Troy and Mycenae are called cyclopean because the stones are so massive and the construction (which uses no cement) is so expert that it was assumed that only a superhuman race such as the Cyclopes could have achieved such a feat.
draconian. Extremely severe or cruel.
例句：The severe punishments carried out in Saudi Arabia, including flogging for drunkenness, hand amputation for robbery, and beheading for drug trafficking, strike most of the world as draconian.
在沙特阿拉伯针对包括酗酒，抢劫抢劫和斩首缉毒等行为的严厉惩罚，其严厉程度震惊了几乎整个世界。
Draconian comes from the name of Draco, a leader of Athens in the 7th century B.C. who in 621 B.C. produced its first legal code. The punishments he prescribed were extraordinarily harsh; almost anyone who couldn't pay his debts became a slave, and even minor crimes were punishable by death. So severe were these penalties that it was said that the code was written in blood. In the next century, the wise leader Solon would revise all of Draco's code, retaining the death penalty only for the crime of murder.
myrmidon. A loyal follower, especially one who executes orders unquestioningly.
例句：To an American, these soldiers were like myrmidons, all too eager to do the Beloved Leader's bidding.
对于一个美国人来说，这些士兵就像忠仆一样，都渴望听从敬爱领袖的指令。
In the Trojan War, the troops of the great hero Achilles were called Myrmidons. As bloodthirsty as wolves, they were the fiercest fighters in all Greece. They were said to have come from the island of Aegina, where, after the island's entire population had been killed by a plague, it was said to have been repopulated by Zeus, by turning all the ants in a great anthill into men. Because of their insect origin, the Myrmidons were blindly loyal to Achilles, so loyal that they would die without resisting if ordered to. The Trojans would not be the last fighting force to believe that a terrifying opposing army was made up of men were not quite human.
nemesis. A powerful, frightening opponent or rival who is usually victorious.
例句：During the 1970s and '80s, Japanese carmakers became the nemesis of the U.S. auto industry.
在20世纪70年代和80年代，日本汽车制造商成为美国汽车业的克星。
The Greek goddess Nemesis doled out rewards for noble acts and vengeance for evil ones, but it's only her vengeance that anyone remembers. According to the Greeks, Nemesis did not always punish an offender right away, but might wait as much as five generations to avenge a crime. Regardless, her cause was always just and her eventual victory was sure. But today a nemesis doesn't always dispense justice; a powerful drug lord may be the nemesis of a Mexican police chief, for instance, just as Ernst Stavro Blofeld was James Bond's nemesis in three of Iran Fleming's novels.
Trojan horse. Someone or something that works from within to weaken or defeat.
例句：Researchers are working on a kind of Trojan horse that will be welcomed into the diseased cells and then destroy them from within.
研究人员正在研究一种特洛伊木马，这种特洛伊木马将会进入患病细胞，然后从内部摧毁它们。
After besieging the walls of Troy for ten years, the Greeks built a huge, hollow wooden horse, secretly filled it with armed warriors, and presented it to the Trojans as a gift for the goddess Athena, and the Trojans took the horse inside the city's walls. That night, the armed Greeks swarmed out and captured and burned the city. A Trojan horse is thus anything that kooks innocent but, once accepted, has power to harm or destroy--for example, a computer program that seems helpful but ends up corrupting or demolishing the computer's software.
Quiz:
Fill in each blank with the correct letter:
a. myrmidon b. draconian c. cyclopean d. Trojan horse e. Achilles' heel f. nemesis g. Cassandra h. arcadia
1. He's nothing but a ______ of the CEO, one of those creepy aides who's always following him down the hall wearing aviator sunglasses.
2. A "balloon mortgage," in which the low rate for the first couple of years suddenly explode into something completely unaffordable, should be feared as a ______.
3. They marveled at the massive ancient ______ walls, which truly seemed to have been built by giants.
4. On weekends they would flee to their little _____ in rural New Hampshire, leaving behind the trials of the working week.
5. In eighth grade his _____ was a disagreeable girl named Rita who liked playing horrible little tricks.
6. His gloomy economic forecasts earned him a reputation as a _____.
7. Historians point to the _____ treaty terms of World War I was a major cause of World War II.
8. Believing the flattery of others and enjoying the trappings of power have often been the ____ of successful politicians.
