萤火虫——蒙台梭利教室里的孩子
蒙台梭利认为:不同的个体有不同的发展节律,教育要与儿童发展的敏感期吻合,就必须用不同的教育来适应不同的成熟节律,因此十分强调个别教学,让儿童各按自己的需要自由活动,使个性得到充分发展。
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蒙台梭利的五大区域:日常生活区、数学区、感官区、语言区和科学文化区。那么2~3岁的孩子在蒙台梭利教室学什么呢?
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日常生活区:日常生活区的工作发展孩子的动作协调能力、专注力、独立性。在这个区域,孩子们也获得了足够多的技能,为其他区域的更复杂的工作做好了准备。但最重要的是,日常生活区使孩子习得了生活的技能。在教室里,他们不仅仅是在学习,更是在生活。
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感官区:儿童从出生起,就能凭借着听觉、视觉、味觉、触觉等感官来认识周围事物。主要包含了视觉训练、听觉训练、触觉训练以及嗅觉和味觉的练习。通过一系列感觉系统的训练,让孩子学会判断、分析、对比、排列等等,为学习数学做准备。
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数学区:2∼3岁的孩子根据其相应的敏感期,更多的是进行日常生活和感官的训练,而数学素质的培养更注重的是数的前期教育的导入。例如,首先认识圆形、正方形,然后学习按物品的颜色、种类进行分类,学习比较大小、长短、多少。
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语言区:2∼3岁幼儿正处于语言的敏感期,所以在听、说、写、读方面进行了大量的练习。通过对五官以及各种水果、物品的认识,增加孩子的词汇量;在“说一说”的练习中培养孩子的口语表达能力和记忆能力。
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科学文化区:围绕这个年龄段孩子所喜欢和感兴趣的玩具、物品,使孩子了解它们基本的特征和功用;初步感知一些自然现象并产生兴趣。
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有了一系列的认知和感受,孩子在这个教室里看到的不仅仅是一个玩具,而是一件件有吸引力的工作,这样才会更专注与投入,在玩当中去吸收去感受去内化。
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