健康&养生杂文

住院患者的营养,你知道怎么进行风险筛查?

2018-09-21  本文已影响4人  缘灭山上

院患者的营养你知道怎么进行风险筛查

一、背景

虽然70%,但近年来的报告各专科疾病营养不良的发生率明显变化2002年英国的报道外科腹部手术患者营养不良的发生率仅为[3]。国外学者的研究表明(Malnutrition)或有营养风险1991年,在围手术期接受完全肠外营养[4]。Lochs等在7-RCT研究中经口补充营养剂能比不支持者减少病死率(27%vs12%),以及缩短住院日BMI>20 kg/m, 病死率未见减少3个(27%vs12%),以及缩短住院日 [8]。

二、证据

ESPEN大会上,推出了用于成年住院患者的营养风险筛查(3分的住院患者要求制定营养支持计划。对评分暂时低于[9]。

Nutritional risk)的概念[11-14]。该方法基于RCT研究,从

这1)原发疾病对营养状态影响的严重程度。(3个月体重的变化。(4)体质指数(身高、体重)。通过床旁问诊和简单人体测量即可评定。同时将年龄作为营养风险因素之一,1分(具体评价方法见本章节附录

 对RCT,共RCT进行系统评价发现,有营养风险患者接受营养支持后,良性临床结局比例高于无营养风险患者。之所以以评分达到或大于RCT报告,将接受各种营养支持所有患者根据2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5,4.0分绘制3.0时敏感度和特异度高。将是否≥NRS2002 评分大于或等于1)。

以不同疾病为亚组时,≥3为有营养风险的循证基础灰色柱:营养支持有效;黑色柱:营养支持无效[11]

2002年以后发表的多中心临床研究(有212个中心参加)表明,NRS 2002在预测营养不良风险和营养治疗的有效性方面,具有其它工具所不可比拟的优势。Kyle等以主观综合评定法(Subjective global assessment, SGA)为标准,在995名患者同时应用营养风险指数(Nutrition risk index,NRI)、 营养不良筛查工具(Malnutrition universal screening tool,MUST)和NRS2002方法进行调查营养风险状况,结果显示NRS2002有更高的敏感度(62%)和特异度(93%),以及阳性结果(85%)和阴性结果(79%)预测力。此结果在泰国Putwatana对430名患者的调查中也可见相似结论[15-17]。因此,NRS 2002被欧洲推荐为住院患者营养风险评定的首选工具[9,18]。但在不能确切测量身高体重的一小部分患者(如严重水肿等小部分患者),无法得到可靠的ESPEN也考虑应用白蛋白水平)来评估这一小部分患者是否有营养不良/营养风险发生率调查发现,不同科室的差别较大2005年,在我国应用14000例住院病人的多中心营养风险筛查调查研究结果显示,包括呼吸科、肾脏科、消化科、神经内科、普外科、普胸外科六个专科患者的总营养不良发生率为33.9%。1. RCT的支持。(

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