Docke管理-容器的基本管理
2020-04-17 本文已影响0人
复苏的兵马俑
1、创建容器
A）交互式的容器：工具类容器，一般适用于开发、测试、临时性的场景使用。
# 以交互式方式启动容器，默认不命名，系统自动生成容器名称
[root@Server ~]# docker container run -it 470671670cac
[root@801fc7ca95c9 /]#
[root@801fc7ca95c9 /]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 8.1.1911 (Core)
# 查看正在运行的容器列表
[root@Server ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
801fc7ca95c9 470671670cac "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes condescending_bouman
[root@Server ~]# docker container run -it --name="Server_centos77" centos:7.7.1908
[root@17ceb99ee3fb /]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)
# 查看所有的容器列表
[root@Server ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
17ceb99ee3fb centos:7.7.1908 "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute Server_centos77
801fc7ca95c9 470671670cac "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes condescending_bouman
# 查看所有的容器列表
[root@Server ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
17ceb99ee3fb centos:7.7.1908 "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute Server_centos77
801fc7ca95c9 470671670cac "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes condescending_bouman
[root@801fc7ca95c9 /]# exit
exit
[root@Server ~]# docker container ls -a --no-trunc
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
eacc81f7f53579e9a95013acab73c9813e5b6b2d93d944f51075d58730feaa56 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon off;'" About an hour ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp Server_nginx_80
e8fb2d4cf6490ea37fddb0a3d9255dc1b2cc043341feb6ea6db7607d7500dbb0 5a8dfb2ca731 "nginx -g 'daemon off;'" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 48 minutes ago Server_nginx
17ceb99ee3fb212f24e761110d7428c0930d81e52b80f537e3931e52f357b8ce centos:7.7.1908 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Up 37 minutes Server_centos77
[root@Server ~]# docker container rm 801fc7ca95c9
801fc7ca95c9
[root@Server ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e8fb2d4cf649 5a8dfb2ca731 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 15 minutes ago Up 15 minutes 80/tcp Server_nginx
17ceb99ee3fb centos:7.7.1908 "/bin/bash" 22 minutes ago Up 22 minutes Server_centos77
[root@Server ~]# docker container run -it --name="Server_centos81" --rm 470671670cac
[root@Server ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
778a7b430778 470671670cac "/bin/bash" 28 seconds ago Up 26 seconds Server_centos81
e8fb2d4cf649 5a8dfb2ca731 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 17 minutes ago Up 17 minutes 80/tcp Server_nginx
17ceb99ee3fb centos:7.7.1908 "/bin/bash" 23 minutes ago Up 23 minutes Server_centos77
[root@778a7b430778 /]# exit
exit
[root@Server ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e8fb2d4cf649 5a8dfb2ca731 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes 80/tcp Server_nginx
17ceb99ee3fb centos:7.7.1908 "/bin/bash" 24 minutes ago Up 24 minutes Server_centos77
B）守护式的容器：网络服务类容器，SSH、HTTP、FTP等。
[root@Server ~]# docker container run -d --name="Server_nginx" 5a8dfb2ca731
e8fb2d4cf6490ea37fddb0a3d9255dc1b2cc043341feb6ea6db7607d7500dbb0
[root@Server ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e8fb2d4cf649 5a8dfb2ca731 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 32 seconds ago Up 31 seconds 80/tcp Server_nginx
17ceb99ee3fb centos:7.7.1908 "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes Server_centos77
801fc7ca95c9 470671670cac "/bin/bash" 15 minutes ago Up 15 minutes condescending_bouman
[root@Server ~]# docker container inspect Server_nginx
[
{
"Id": "e8fb2d4cf6490ea37fddb0a3d9255dc1b2cc043341feb6ea6db7607d7500dbb0",
"Created": "2020-04-17T01:48:58.813149906Z",
"Path": "nginx",
"Args": [
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 6112,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-04-17T01:48:59.853111028Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5a8dfb2ca7312ee39433331b11d92f45bb19d7809f7c0ff19e1d01a2c131e959",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e8fb2d4cf6490ea37fddb0a3d9255dc1b2cc043341feb6ea6db7607d7500dbb0/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e8fb2d4cf6490ea37fddb0a3d9255dc1b2cc043341feb6ea6db7607d7500dbb0/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e8fb2d4cf6490ea37fddb0a3d9255dc1b2cc043341feb6ea6db7607d7500dbb0/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e8fb2d4cf6490ea37fddb0a3d9255dc1b2cc043341feb6ea6db7607d7500dbb0/e8fb2d4cf6490ea37fddb0a3d9255dc1b2cc043341feb6ea6db7607d7500dbb0-json.log",
"Name": "/Server_nginx",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/efcb20f979b480aa620458ba70374a5dc14dae08b0debc3a7cda6f3c8a987934-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/56f05eba8a06d99ed65c0beb6157bc0063f2f78da7fb0b7cac3a31f91c0d0f13/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/067548238a7b51be81844b726818c8322ec014d65bf4b20e9054977192281315/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/59c0d7f716394b5ffedf1a6829e5919da139f0bec6d133490266b44960dd9fb4/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/efcb20f979b480aa620458ba70374a5dc14dae08b0debc3a7cda6f3c8a987934/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/efcb20f979b480aa620458ba70374a5dc14dae08b0debc3a7cda6f3c8a987934/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/efcb20f979b480aa620458ba70374a5dc14dae08b0debc3a7cda6f3c8a987934/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "e8fb2d4cf649",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.17.9",
"NJS_VERSION=0.3.9",
"PKG_RELEASE=1~buster"
],
"Cmd": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"Image": "5a8dfb2ca731",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
},
"StopSignal": "SIGTERM"
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "38605108eb9be553820339a1ab86cec745a56cd4d8e299516c2f9d363f062434",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"80/tcp": null
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/38605108eb9b",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "63167dd5bb941be1a8186b1f5f82ef2f6b682c7bd7668d9e8756f8639f190509",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "6cd0c524350127caafa9b2c1394aa25333836dd8e91d3040066b763fabdc4f65",
"EndpointID": "63167dd5bb941be1a8186b1f5f82ef2f6b682c7bd7668d9e8756f8639f190509",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@Server ~]# curl -I 172.17.0.4
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.17.9
Date: Fri, 17 Apr 2020 01:53:40 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 03 Mar 2020 14:32:47 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5e5e6a8f-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
[root@Server ~]# docker container run -d -p 8080:80 --name="Server_nginx_80" nginx:latest
eacc81f7f53579e9a95013acab73c9813e5b6b2d93d944f51075d58730feaa56
[root@Server ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
eacc81f7f535 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 12 seconds ago Up 11 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp Server_nginx_80
e8fb2d4cf649 5a8dfb2ca731 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 30 minutes ago Up 30 minutes 80/tcp Server_nginx
17ceb99ee3fb centos:7.7.1908 "/bin/bash" 36 minutes ago Up 36 minutes Server_centos77
外部访问容器提供的Nginx服务
2、容器的启动、关闭和连接
A）容器的启动和关闭
[root@Server ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
eacc81f7f535 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp Server_nginx_80
e8fb2d4cf649 5a8dfb2ca731 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 44 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 seconds ago Server_nginx
17ceb99ee3fb centos:7.7.1908 "/bin/bash" 50 minutes ago Exited (137) 2 minutes ago Server_centos77
[root@Server ~]# docker container start Server_nginx
Server_nginx
[root@Server ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
eacc81f7f535 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 14 minutes ago Up 14 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp Server_nginx_80
e8fb2d4cf649 5a8dfb2ca731 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 44 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 80/tcp Server_nginx
17ceb99ee3fb centos:7.7.1908 "/bin/bash" 50 minutes ago Exited (137) 2 minutes ago Server_centos77
[root@Server ~]# docker container stop Server_nginx
Server_nginx
[root@Server ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
eacc81f7f535 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 14 minutes ago Up 14 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp Server_nginx_80
e8fb2d4cf649 5a8dfb2ca731 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 44 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 seconds ago Server_nginx
17ceb99ee3fb centos:7.7.1908 "/bin/bash" 51 minutes ago Exited (137) 2 minutes ago Server_centos77
[root@Server ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
eacc81f7f535 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 14 minutes ago Up 14 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp Server_nginx_80
e8fb2d4cf649 5a8dfb2ca731 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 44 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 seconds ago Server_nginx
17ceb99ee3fb centos:7.7.1908 "/bin/bash" 51 minutes ago Exited (137) 2 minutes ago Server_centos77
[root@Server ~]# docker container start -i Server_centos77
[root@17ceb99ee3fb /]#
[root@Server ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
eacc81f7f535 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 17 minutes ago Up 17 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp Server_nginx_80
e8fb2d4cf649 5a8dfb2ca731 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 47 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago Server_nginx
17ceb99ee3fb centos:7.7.1908 "/bin/bash" 53 minutes ago Up 24 seconds Server_centos77
[root@Server ~]# docker container stop Server_centos77
Server_centos77
[root@Server ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
eacc81f7f535 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp Server_nginx_80
e8fb2d4cf649 5a8dfb2ca731 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 48 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago Server_nginx
17ceb99ee3fb centos:7.7.1908 "/bin/bash" 54 minutes ago Exited (137) 4 seconds ago Server_centos77
B）容器的连接
[root@Server ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
eacc81f7f535 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 22 minutes ago Up 22 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp Server_nginx_80
e8fb2d4cf649 5a8dfb2ca731 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 53 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago Server_nginx
17ceb99ee3fb centos:7.7.1908 "/bin/bash" 59 minutes ago Up 4 seconds Server_centos77
# 以主进程的方式登录，退出后会影响当前容器，可使用组合键`Ctrl + p, q`切换到守护式运行。
[root@Server ~]# docker container attach Server_centos77
[root@17ceb99ee3fb /]# read escape sequence # 按住`Ctrl`，然后按`p`后松开，再按`q`即可
[root@Server ~]#
# 以子进程的方式登录，可以进行容器的调试，退出时不会影响到当前容器
[root@Server ~]# docker container exec -it Server_centos77 /bin/bash
[root@17ceb99ee3fb /]# exit
exit
[root@Server ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
eacc81f7f535 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 30 minutes ago Up 30 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp Server_nginx_80
e8fb2d4cf649 5a8dfb2ca731 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" About an hour ago Exited (0) 16 minutes ago Server_nginx
17ceb99ee3fb centos:7.7.1908 "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Up 5 minutes Server_centos77
