Linux下Python3安装

linux 安装python3

• 安装前准备依赖[缺失依赖可能导致pip安装不成功]

yum -y install zlib zlib-devel
yum -y install bzip2 bzip2-devel
yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel
yum -y install readline readline-devel
yum -y install openssl openssl-devel
yum -y install openssl-static
yum -y install xz lzma xz-devel
yum -y install sqlite sqlite-devel
yum -y install gdbm gdbm-devel
yum -y install tk tk-devel

• python3.7 版本以上时需要一个新的包libffi-devel，yum -y install libffi-devel,要不然报错ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'
• wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.0/Python-3.6.0.tgz
• tar -xvzf Python-3.6.0.tgz
• 如果是*.tar.xz的文件格式,解压方式为xz -d *.tar.xz,tar -xvf *.tar
• mkdir -p /usr/local/python3
• cd Python-3.6.0
• ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-shared CFLAGS=-fPIC,这里加上--enable-shared和-fPIC之后可以将python3的动态链接库编译出来，默认情况编译完lib下面只有python3.xm.a这样的文件，python本身可以正常使用，但是如果编译第三方库需要python接口的比如caffe等，则会报错；所以这里建议按照上面的方式配置
• make && make install
• 建立软连接

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

• 这时，python3和pip3都安装完了,python3和pip3都可用了